Infection and response

• what is a non communicable disease

  it’s a disease that is not spread from person to person
• What are the 2 types of risk factors

  • medical risk factors
  • life style risk factors
• what is a medical risk factor

  substances in the persons body or environment
• Give 4 examples of a medical risk factor

  • genetic factors
  • high cholesterol
  • high blood pressure
  • diabetes
• Give 4 examples of a life style risk factor

  • high fat diet
  • alcohol
  • smoking
  • obesity
• What are the 2 types of tumours

  • benign tumours
  • malignant tumours
• What is cancer

  an uncontrolled growth of cells that divide uncontrollably and form a mass of cells called a tumour
• What is a benign tumour?

  an uncontrolled growth of cells which cant invade other tissues.

  Contained in one part of the body usually by a membrane
• What are malignant tumours?

  - an uncontrolled growth of cells which CAN invade other tissues

  - spread through body via blood where they become secondary tumours

  - more dangerous
• What are the factors that increase cancer survival rate?

  - earlier diagnosis

  - improved treatments

  - more cancer screening

  - improved patient knowledge on risk factors
• what is a prokaryotic cell?

  cells without a nucleus

  EXAMPLE: bacteria
• what is a eukaryotic cell?

  cells with a nucleus

  EXAMPLE: animal and plant cells
• What’s unique about a prokaryotic cell?

  - free dna (no nucleus)

  - single DNA loop

  - plasmids

  - cell wall

  - no membrane bound organelles

  
  
• what’s unique about prokaryotic cells

  - DNA enclosed in a nucleus

  - no cell wall ( except plants)

  - have membrane bound organelles
• what’s a pathogen?

  are microorganisms that cause infectious disease. Viruses bacteria fungi or protists
• how can diseases or pathogens spread?

  • droplet infection - cough / sneeze
  • direct contact - skin to skin contact
  • contaminated food or drink
  • break in your skin
  • passed by another organism
• What did ignaz semmelweis do

  • saw women died more with medical students than doctors so he made them wash their hands with chlorine
  • noticed immediate mortality rates decline
  • didnt publicise and didnt know what bacteria was
• what are some ways we can prevent the spread of disease

  • wash hands / hygine
  • steralise equiptment
  • isolating / quarentine
  • vaccines
  • destroy vectors
• 3 viral diseases

  • measles
  • HIV/AIDS
  • tobacco mosaic virus