apush units 1-2

• Virginia Company


  Joint-Stock Company in London that received a charter for land in the new world. Charter guarantees new colonists same rights as people back in England.
• Powhatan Confederacy


  Group of Native Americans who traded with John Smith. The confederacy gets its name from its leader, Chief Powhatan.
• John Smith


  Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.
• john rolfe


  He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.
• Opechancanough


  Powhatan's brother who became the head of the native confederacy after Powhatan's death. He resumed the effort to defend tribal lands from European encroachments. Important because his attacks on the white settlers of Jamestown helped to end the Virginia Company and to begin the colony coming under the control of the English crown.
• William Berkeley


  A Governor of Virginia, appointed by King Charles I, of whom he was a favorite. He was governor from 1641-1652 and 1660-1677. Berkeley enacted friendly policies towards the Indians that led to Bacon's Rebellion in 1676.
• Bacon's Rebellion


  1676 - Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.
• Puritans


  A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.
• Pilgrims


  Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands.
• Mayflower Compact


  1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
• John Winthrop


  Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Speaker of "City upon a hill"
• Roger Williams


  A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south
• Anne Hutchinson


  A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority.
• Pequot War


  1637 The Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot. The colonists burned down their village and 400 were killed.
• King Phillip's War (1675-1676)


  Series of assaults by Metacom, King Philip, on English settlements in New England. The attacks slowed the westward migration of New England settlers for several decades.
• Iroquois League


  A political confederation of five northeastern Native American nations of the Seneca, Oneida, Mohawk, Cayuga, and Onondaga that made decisions concerning war and peace.
• quakers


  English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania
• William Penn


  A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.
• Holy Experiment


  William Penn's term for the government of Pennsylvania, which was supposed to serve everyone and provide freedom for all.
• Indentured Servants


  Immigrants who received passage to America in exchange for a fixed term of labor
• cash crops


  crops, such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton, raised in large quantities in order to be sold for profit
• Headright System


  parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists.
• Stono Rebellion


  a 1739 uprising of slaves in South Carolina, leading to the tightening of already harsh slave laws
• Triangular Trade


  A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa
• Half-Way Covenant


  A Puritan church document; In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations.
• John Peter Zenger Trial


  Zenger published articles critical of British governor William Cosby. He was taken to trial, but found not guilty. The trial set a precedent for freedom of the press in the colonies.
• Salem Witch Trials


  1629 outbreak of witchcraft accusations in a puritan village marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria and stress
• Enlightenment


  A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.
• John Locke


  17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.
• Bejamin Franklin


  American public official, writer, scientist, and printer. helped draft constitution. Lighting rod, bifocal spectacles, stove
• Great Awakening


  Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.
• Jonathan Edwards


  Preacher during the First Great Awakening; "Sinners in the hands of angry god"
• George Whitefield


  Credited with starting the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights."
• Mercantile System


  an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests
• Navigation Acts


  Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.
• Dominion of New England


  1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros.
• Glorious Revolution


  A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange.
• Salutary Neglect


  An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies
• New France


  French colony in North America, with a capital in Quebec, founded 1608. New France fell to the British in 1763.
• French and Indian War


  (1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.