CON WORLD

• STATE- is a community of persons, more or less numerous, occupying a definite territory, possessing an organized government, and enjoying independence from external control.
• NATION- is defines as people, or aggregation of men, existing in the form of an organized society, usually inhabiting a distinct portion of the earth
• PEOPLE- is the entire body of those citizens of a stage who are invested with political power for political purposes.
• ·         TERRITORY- is a geographical area under the jurisdiction of another country or sovereign power or state.
• DISCOVERY AND OCCUPATION- discovering a continent, an island, or land with no inhabitants, then placing it under its political administration.
• PRESCRIPTION- through continuous and undisputed exercise of sovereignty over it during such period (50 years)
• CESSION- the assignment, transfer, or yielding up of territory by one state or government to another. It may be in the form of sale or donation
• SUBJUGATION AND ANNEXATION- acquiring a territory belonging to a state by occupation and conquest made by another state in the course of war and by annexation at the end of the war.
• ACCRETION- addition of portion of soil, either artificial such as the reclamation area in Manilay Bay, or natural by gradual deposition through the operation of natural causes such as the waves of the ocean.
• GOVERNMENT- is the totality of authorities which rule a society by prescribing and carrying out fundamental rules which regulate the freedom of its members
• SOVEREIGNTY- is the supreme, absolute, and uncontrollable power by which an independent state is governed.
• INTERNAL SOVEREIGNTY- the power to control and direct the internal affairs of a country such as the authority to enact, execute, and apply laws.
• EXTERNAL SOVEREIGNTY- the power of an independent state to control and direct its external affairs
• May 1998- India conducted nuclear weapon tests which stunned the world, Pakistan also sets its own.
• Political Culture – reflects the relative importance of the government and legal system and provides a context within which individuals and corporations understand their relationship to the political system.
• POLITICAL RISK- is a risk of a change in political environment policy that would adversely affect a company’s ability to operate effectively and profitably.
• Tension – is the fundamental cause of political risk between the resident’s aspirations and goals and the real conditions at a given time.
• INTERNATIONAL LAWS- defined as the rules and principles that nation-states consider binding upon themselves.
• key global financial centers, such as Wall Street, Hong Kong, London, Frankfurt, and Tokyo which can be described as the “supermarkets”.
• Emerging supermarkets: Singapore and Seoul.
• High taxes encourage many enterprises engage in cash or barter transactions that are off the books and sheltered from the eyes of the tax authorities.
• 34 - Corruption of the Philippines as of 2023.
• 33 - Corruption in the Philippines as of 2021.
• NEW ZEALAND 89 - clean country in corruption as of 2017.
• DENMARK 90 - clean country as of 2023.
• LEGISLATIVE- law making
• EXECUTIVE- law enforcing
• JUDICIAL- law interpreting
• 33 - Philippines corruption as of 2022.