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• Patterns of Development in Writing

  • Narration
  • Description
  • Definition
• Narration


  Describes what, when, and where something happened and tell story
• Description


  Give details or information of what a person, object, place or a situation
• Definition


  Give meaning or explain a concepts or terms or it gives satisfactory explanation of the meaning of a word
• Definition


  1. The term or concept defined

  2. The general class to which the term belongs

  3. The specific characteristics which sets it apart from all others of its class
• Methods of Definition


  • Functions
  • Origin
  • Similar Terms
  • Compare and Contrast
  • Problem-Solution/Solving
  • Cause and Effect
• Functions


  Answers how anything works and what its purpose
• Functions


  • A television is an appliance which is used for viewing telecast of programs and news reports
• Origin


  Same as etymology
• Similar Terms


  Comparison or analogy will help readers understand better because they can relate the term to something that they may already know
• Similar Terms


  • Outlining is like organizing the clothes
• Compare and Contrast


  Explain the similarities and differences of two or more things are explored
• Signal Words for Comparison


  • Similarly, likewise, just as, compared to or correspondingly
• Signal Words for Contrast


  • Even though, unlike, however, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand
• Problem-Solution/Solving


  Organizes ideas into problems and offers solutions. Solutions present the major effects of the problem
• Cause and Effect


  Details why something happens, what causes it, what are the effects and how it is related to something else
• Properties of Well-Written Text

  • Organization
  • Coherence and Cohesion
  • Language Use
  • Mechanics
• Organization


  Refers to arrangement of ideas in a text. Achieved when these ideas are logically and accurately arranged
• Techniques for Organization


  • Listing ideas
  • Graphic Organizer
  • Outlining
• Coherence


  Relationship of ideas between sentences. Refers to how easy it is to understand the writing
• Cohesion


  Refers to connectivity in text. Focuses on the "grammatical" aspects of writing
• Language Use


  The appropriateness of the words/vocabulary used. An Effective language is specific, concise, familiar, and appropriate
• Language Use Techniques


  • Use clear and concise sentences, avoid redundancies
  • Avoid high falutin words and sexiest language
  • Use words that are almost everyone's vocabulary
• Formal Language


  Used in writing academics, business and officials texts. Does not use colloquialisms, contractions
• Informal Language


  Usually used in writing for oneself or in writing to family, friends and colleagues
• Mechanics


  • Grammar Rules
  • Spelling
  • Punctuation
  • Capitalization
• Context


  The information provided in the text that can help the reader accurately interpret the meaning of a text
• Types of Context


  • The TIME or period the text was written
  • What circumstances produced the text
  • Issues the text tackles or deals with
• Intertextuality


  Connections among text
• Types of Intertextuality


  • Appropriation
  • Allusion
  • Parody
• Hypertext


  A non-linear way of showing information. It is simply a text that directs users to a link
• Advantages of Hypertext


  • Multiple paths of inquiry
  • Individualized learning opportunities
  • Reader or learner control
  • Supports the connection of ideas
  • Creating new references
  • Critical thinking
• Explicit Information


  Information was given or stated in the text. No confusion
• Implicit Information


  Deals with the information not directly stated in the text. Information is only suggested/implied
• Claims of a Text

  • Claim of Fact
  • Claim of Value
  • Claim of Policy
• Claim of Fact


  It is a claim that can be proved to be true or false. It is rooted from a reliable source. It asserts details that existed, existing and will exist
• Claim of Value


  It is a claim that tries to prove that something is more or less acceptable, desirable, or better than others. It requires drawing judgment or evaluation
• Claim of Policy


  It is a claim that raises solutions to certain problems. It usually uses the words should, must and ought to. It might depend upon a pre-set of laws, rules and policy