EXERCISES 1-3

• All the following is true regarding the fungi, EXCEPT:

  A.Aerobic

  B. Chemoheterotrophic

  C. Prokaryotic

  D. Saprophytic

  C
• All of the following is true regarding yeasts, EXCEPT:

  A.Reproduces via chlamydospores

  B. Known as the tissue form

  C. Optimally grows at 37'C

  D. Unicellular

  A
• Hyaline Aseptate Hyphae


  Identify:

  
• Sparsely septate and hyaline


  Describe the hyphae present:

  
• All of the following are sexual spores, EXCEPT:

  A.Ascospores

  B. Basidiospores

  C. Conidiospores

  D. Zygospores

  C
• All of the following is true regarding Conidia, EXCEPT:

  A.Intercalary

  B. Terminal

  C. Sessile

  D. All types are present

  C
• Which of the following is true regarding conidia:

  A.Asexual spores borne naked on specialized structures

  B. Asexual spores produced in a containing structure

  C. Diploid sexual spores covered by strong spiny walls

  D. Haploid sexual spores formed on club-shaped structures

  A
• Dimorphic fungi are less pathogenic than monomorphic fungi due to their ability to adapt to both the environment in the human host and to the external environment. True or False

  FALSE - dimorphic fungi are pathogenic
• Phialospores


  Identify the type of spores present:

  
• Which of the following is true regarding Zygomycota?

  A.Asexually reproduce through sporangiospores

  B. Sexually reproduce through haploid spores

  C. Hyphae present is septate

  D. All species causes diseases in humans

  A
• Fungi with no discovered sexual reproductive stages are classified as:

  A.Ascomycota

  B. Basidiomycota

  C. Zygomycota

  D. Deuteromycota

  D
• Which of the following fungus name and its description match?

  A.Anamorph: the fungus as a whole

  B. Holomorph: the asexual reproductive stage

  C. Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage

  D. All of the choices are correct

  C
• Affects the deep layers of the skin, connective tissue, and muscle

  Subcutaneous Mycoses
• Which is true regarding fungal samples?

  A.May be stored for a long time

  B. Moisture increases survival

  C. Stored in incubator

  D. Collected using swabs

  E. AOTA

  B
• It should be used to disinfect affected areas prior to collecting samples for cutaneous mycoses

  Alcohol
• Wood's lamp is used to determine if a fungi can

  Fluoresce
• All the following is true regarding KOH prep, EXCEPT:

  A.Has lower sensitivity than the use of calcoflour white

  B. May be used to detect yeasts, hyphae, and spores

  C. Used to dissolve cellular debris from samples

  D. Heat decreases the rate of clearing

  E. AOTA

  D
• Binding to fungi causes yellow-green fluorescence

  CALCOFLUOR WHITE
• -have high sensitivity

  -detects encapsulated yeasts

  -negative stains

  India Ink
• -Culture for dermatophytes is generally incubated up to 2 weeks

  -Culture for systemic fungi is generally incubated up to 4 weeks

  -isolated fungi are stained using LPCB

  Fungal culture
• component in Aman stain that kills the microorganisms present in the sample

  Phenol
• • contains 4% dextrose, 1% peptone, 2% agar
  • pH must be maintained at ~5.5%
  • non selective media in fungal detection
  • selective fungal growth but not bacterial

  Saboraud's Dextrose Agar
• it contains cycloheximide and chloramphenicol

  Mycosel
• used for isolation of Aspergillus spp

  Czapek medium
• These specimen may be directly examined

  • Bone marrow
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid
  • Sputum
• The primary purpose of Riddell slide culture method

  Differentiate T. mentagrophytes from T. rubrum
• The antifungal agents, amphotericin B and nystatin targets the

  Cell membrane
• Does not trigger immune system

  Superficial Mycoses
• group of mycoses produces macrocondia and microconidia

  Dermatophytes
• Malassezia furfur optimally grows on SDA with

  Olive oil
• Tinea manuum, and tinea unguium of the fingernails are generally

  Unilateral
• Trichophyton


  infects the skin, hair, and nails
• Microsporum canis

  -Rice medium (+)

  -Animals to humans

  -Produces spindle-shaped macroconidia
• Trichophyton rubrum


  red pigment on the reverse side of SDA with 1% glucose
• Tinea imbricata

  Trichophyton concentricum
• fungi that will cause disease that cannot be detected or only minimally detected by immune system

  Trichosporon beigelii
• spaghetti and meatballs appearance in KOH

  Malassezia furfur
• Tinea nigra is caused by

  Hortaea wernickii
• This will exhibit dematiaceous hyphae with asci and ascospores in KOH prep

  Piedraia hortae (Black Piedra)
• • appears as loose, soft, light-colored granules on hair
  • forms moist, cream-colored, yeast-like colonies
  • inhibited by cycloheximide

  Trichosporon beigelii