THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE

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Cards (28)

  • SOCRATES
    -       Our true self is our soul which determines the quality of our life.
    -       “The  unexamined life is not worth living”
    -       For Socrates, every man is composed of body and soul.
    -       “Know yourself”
  • The core of Socratic ethics
    -       the concept of virtue and knowledge.
  • Virtue

    the deepest and the most basic propensity or tendency of man. Knowing one’s own virtue is necessary and can be learned.
  • Virtues
    refer to the attitudes, dispositions, or character traits that are considered as moral or good.
  • 9 Life Lessons
    1. Open yourself to the truth
    2. Be courageous
    3. Be authentic
    4. Be humble
    5. Beware of the busyness of life
    6. Be a citizen of the world
    7. Be happy with less
    8. Dont seek vengeance
    9. Have a sense of humor
  • PLATO
    -       Socrates’s students
    Man is a dual nature of body and soul.
  • Rational

    The logical is the thinking part of the soul which loves the truth and seeks to learn it. The rational discerns what is the real and not merely apparent.
  • Appetitive

    part of the soul is the one that is accountable for the desires in people.
  • Spirited
    soul produces the desires that love victory and honor.
  • 9 Life Lessons of Plato
    1. Conquer yourself
    2. Being angry solves nothing
    3. Choose the people you spend time with wisely
    4. Find your other half
    5. Get involve in politics
    6. Learn to be a follower, then a master
    7. Be content with little
    8. Be incharge of your own happiness
    9. Work hard to accomplish great things
  • AUGUSTINE
    -       Man is of a bifurcated nature.
    -       An aspect of man dwells in the world and is imperfect and continuously yearns to be with the Divine and the other is capable of reaching immorality.
    -       The body is bound to die on earth and the soul is to anticipate living eternally in a realm of spiritual bliss in communion with God.
  • AQUINAS

    the soul is what animates the body; it is what makes us humans.
  • Matter 

    hyle in Greek, refers to the “common stuff that makes up everything in the universe.” Man’s body is part of this matter.
  • Form

    morphe in Greek refers to the “essence of a substance or thing.
  • LOCKE

    holds that personal identity (the self) is a matter of psychological continuity.
  • Personal identity
    -       is founded on consciousness (memory)
    is found in the consciousness or memory and not in the body or
    physical being, and soul'
    - is what makes you, you and me, me.
  •  DESCARTES
    -       Father of Modern Philosophy
    -       Conceived of the human person as having a body and a mind.
    -       “I think therefore, I am.”
  • The cogito

    The thing that thinks, which is the mind
  • The extenza

    Extension of the mind, which is the body
  • HUME
    -       Men can only attain knowledge by experiencing.
    -       The self is nothing else but a bundle of impressions.
  • Empiricism

    is the school of thought that espouses the idea that knowledge can only be possible if it is sensed and experienced.
  • Impressions    

    are the basic objects of our experience or situation.
  • Ideas

    are copies of impressions
  • KANT
    -       without the self, one cannot organize the different impressions that one gets in relation to his own existence.
    -       Everything starts with perception and sensation of impressions.
  • RYLE
    -       what truly matters is the behavior that a person manifests in his day-to-day life.
    -       Looking for and trying to understand self as it really exists is like visiting your friend’s university and looking for the “university.”
  • Ryle
    -       The “self” is not an entity one can locate and analyze
  •  CHURCHLAND
    -       has contributed to the fields of philosophy of neuroscience, philosophy of the mind and neuroethics.
    Research has centered on the interface between neuroscience and philosophy with a current focus on the association of morality and the social brain
  • MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY
    -       A phenomenologist
    -       The mind-body bifurcation that has been going on for a long time is a futile endeavor and an invalid problem.
    -      says that the mind and body are so intertwined that they cannot be separated from one another.
    -       All experience is embodied.
    -       The living body, his thoughts, emotions, and experiences are all one.