INDONESIAN ARCHITECTURE

• What are the material used in constructing structures in Indonesia?

  Brick, Timber or Worok Wood, Sugar Palm Leaves, Coconut Trunk, Bamboo, Alang-alang grass, Rice straw, Coconut fiber
• Row houses, canals and enclosed solid walls - first thought as protection against tropical diseases coming from tropical air. Years later the Dutch learnt to adapt their architectural style with local building features
• Sharply inclined roof - allows the heavy tropical rain to quickly sheet off, and large overhanging eaves keep water out of the house and provide shade in the heat.
• Indonesia is a Southeast Asian archipelago nation with a rich and divers cultural heritage.
• This diversity is reflected in its architecture, which has been influenced by a variety of sources, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, and indigenous Indonesian traditions.
• Traditionally Diverse - Indonesia boasts a wealth of unique styles across regions.
• Rumah Adat - which are traditional houses built on stilts, often local materials like bamboo and wood.
• Foreign Touches - Hindu and Buddhist influences can be seen in temple designs, while Islamic architecture is evident in mosques. European colonizers like the Dutch also added their touch, with some modern Indonesian architecture incorporating modernist styles.
• Unity in Diversity- Intricate carvings and vibrant colors are frequently used, especially in Bali. Functionality is also important, with buildings designed for the hot and humid climate.
• The government only recognizes 6 official religions. It is the Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Confucianism.
• Agnosticism or atheism and blasphemy is illegal
• Religious architecture has been widespread in Indonesia, the most significant was developed in Java.
• Candi - religious structure, large and sophisticated, tower-like structures.
• Candi - built in Java during the peak of Indonesia's Great Hindu-Buddhist Kingdoms.
• Dieng Structures - small and relatively plain
• Majapahit hindu temple - it is constructed using bricks during indonesia classical era
• Mosque - given a unique Indonesian/Javanese interpretation
• Joglo- climatic adaptation of Indonesia on Java. It is the shape of the roof.
• Tajug - means wooden-tile roof structure from Javanese traditional architecture
• Gala Mosque - a mosque that its roof type is joglo
• Traditional and vernacular architecture - its 2 source were the great Hindu tradition brought to Indonesia from India to Java and indigenous architecture pre-dating the Hindu epic.
• Rumah Adat or Custom house - is at the center of the web of customs, social relations, traditional taboos, myths and religions that villagers together.
• What are the characteristics of the Rumah Adat?

  Timber construction, varied and elaborate roof, longhouses on stilts, steep sloping roof and heavy, built on stilts except for Java
• Batak architecture (North Sumatra) includes the boat-shaped jabu homes of the Toba Batak people, with dominating carved gables and dramatic, oversized rood and is based on an ancient model.
• Minangkabau of West Sumatra builds the rumah gadang, distinctive for their multiple gables with dramatically upsweeping ridge ends.
• Nias people include the omo sebua chiefs' houses built on massive ironwood pillars with towering roofs.
• Rumah Melayu - traditional houses built on stilts of Sumatra, Borneo and Malay Borneo and Malay Peninsula.
• Javanese joglo are not built on piles, and have become the Indonesian vernacular style most influences by European architectural elements.
• Bubungan Tinggi - found in South Kalimantan. type of palace for people on power. It has steeped pitched rofs and large homes of Banjarese royalty
• Traditional Balinese homes are a collection of individual ; large open structures (including separate structures for the kitchen, sleeping area, bathing areas and shrine) within a high-walled garden compound.
• Sasak people of Lombok build lumbung, pile-built bonnet-roofed rice barns, that are often more distinctive and elaborate than their houses
• Dayak people traditionally live in communal longhouses that are built on piles. The houses can exceed 300m in length, in some cases forming a whole village.
• Toraja of the Sulawesi highlands are renowned for their tongkonan, houses built on piles and dwarfed by massive exaggerated-pitch saddle roofs.
• Rumah adat on Sumba have distinctive thatched "high hat" roofs and are wrapped with sheltered verandahs.
• Papuan Dani traditionally live in small family compounds composed of several circular huts known as honay with thatched dome roofs.
• Istana or palace architecture of the various kingdoms and realms of Indonesia is more often than not based on the vernacular and domestic styles of the area.
• Royal courts were able to develop much gander and elaborate versions of this traditional architecture
• Javanese Kraton (Keraton-Javanese Royal palace) - large pendopos (pavilion) of the jogle roof form
• Omo sebua (Chief's House) in Bawomataluo, Nias - is an enlarged version of the homes in the village
• Rumah gadang in minangkabau is big house