Plant and Animal Reproduction

Cards (73)

  • the main advantage of asexual reproduction, in addition to its speed, is that it permits the propagation of advantageous genetic makeups since the offspring are genetically identical with the parent
  • sexual reproduction, on the other hand, permits new combination of traits to arise from the contributions of multiple different ancestors
  • certain plants produce body parts specialized for breakaway and dispersal that are known as propagules
  • in grafting, the plant that is to be asexually proparagated is known as the stock; this is atteched to the scion, which may be little more than a root. It is important that the two have their cambium layers in contact with each other
  • the production of pollen by the seed plants largely circumvents the requirement found in ferns, mosses, and the like for water as a requirement for fertilization
  • the type of reproduction in which an animal divides into several pieces and then each piece develops into an entire new animal is called fragmentation
  • in metagenesis there is an alternation of asexual and sexual generation
  • parthenogenesis is a type of reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develop into a new individual
  • an individual that can produce both eggs and sperm is described as hermaphroditic
  • a sex cell (either egg or sperm) is properly called a gamete; a fertilized egg is a zygote
  • reproduction - biological process by which "offspring" are produced from their parent or parents
  • two main types of reproduction
    1. sexual
    2. asexual
  • asexual reproduction - also called vegetative reproduction
  • asexual reproduction - usually involves only the plant's vegetative structure like roots, stem, and leaves
  • sexual reproduction - use of sex cells (gametes)
  • sexual reproduction - involves the fusion of male and female gametes to form zygote
  • sexual reproduction - genetic variability
  • sexual reproduction - two parents
  • sexual reproduction - fusion of gametes
  • sexual reproduction - parent and offspring are not identical
  • sexual reproduction - variation is present in the same species
  • asexual reproduction - one parent only
  • asexual reproduction - no gametes are produced
  • asexual reproduction - parent and offspring are identical
  • asexual reproduction - no variation
  • types of asexual reproduction
    1. binary fission
    2. budding
    3. fragmentation
    4. parthenogenesis
    5. metagenesis
    6. vegetative reproduction
    7. sporogenesis
  • binary fission - separation of the body into two new bodies
  • binary fission - common in single celled organisms
  • budding - a new organism develops from as an outgrowth from the parent body known as bud
  • budding - once grown, the new organism detaches from the parent body
  • fragmentation - the parent body breaks into several pieces where each piece grows into a new individual
  • parthenogenesis - the female gamete develops into the offspring without being fertilized by a male gamete
  • metagenesis - reproduction characterized by the alternation of a sexual generation and a generation that reproduces asexually
  • metagenesis - alternation of generations
  • vegetative reproduction - a plant such as stems, leaves, roots or turions are used to reproduce new plants
  • sporogenesis - formation of spores from sporangia, which themselves are reproductive cells
  • flower - reproductive shoots of the angiosperm sporophyte
  • flower is composed of four whorls of highly modified leaves called flower organs:
    1. sepals
    2. petals
    3. stamens
    4. carpels
  • a stamen consists of a stalk called the filament and the terminal structure called the anther; within the anther are chambers called pollen sacs, in which pollen is produced
  • a carpel has an ovary at its base and a long, slender neck called the style. At the top of the style is the sticky structure called the stigma that serves as a landing platform for pollen.