Trauma

• Technologist Proper Surgical Attire

  • Scrub
  • Scrub cover
  • Head cover
  • Shoe cover
  • Shoes
  • Mask
  • Protective eyewear
  • Nonsterile gloves
• Surgical Team

  • Surgeon
  • Anesthesiologist
  • Surgical assistant
  • Certified Surgical Technologist
  • Circulator
  • Scrub
• Operative Cholangiography


  To demonstrate anatomy of the biliary ductal system, drainage into the duodenum, and any residual stones in the biliary ducts
• Equipment used and Set-up in Operative Cholangiography

  • C-arm Digital Fluoroscopic Cholangiography
  • Mobile Radiographic Cholangiography
• Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy


  Provides a less invasive approach for the removal of the diseased gallbladder
• Advantages of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

  • Can be performed as out-patient procedure
  • Minimally invasive procedure
  • Shorter hospital stay, reduced cost
• Retrograde Urography

  • Nonfunctional examination of the urinary system during which contrast media is introduced directly retrograde into the pelvicalyceal system via catheterization by the urologist during a minor surgical procedure.
  • Frequently performed to determine the location of undetected calculi and other types of obstruction in the urinary system.
  • May also be performed to study the renal pelvis and calyces for signs of infection or structural defect
• Orthopedic Procedure 


  Performed in surgery to re-establish the length, shape, and alignment of fractured bones and joints or to restore function and range of motion of joints affected by trauma or disease
• Types of Fractures

  • Close or Simple Fracture
  • Open or Compound Fracture
  • Incomplete or Partial Fracture
  • Complete Fracture
  • Comminuted Fracture
  • Impacted Fracture
• Dislocation


  Occurs when a bone is displaced from a joint, or when the articular contact of bones that make up a joint is completely lost
• Subluxation


  Partial dislocation
• Nursemaid’s Elbow


  Traumatic partial dislocation of the radial head of a child
• Sprain


  Forced wrenching or twisting of a joint that result in a partial rupture or tearing of supporting ligaments
• Contusion


  Bruise type of injury with possible avulsion fracture
• Fracture


  Break in a bone
• Alignment


  Refers to the associative relationship between long axes of the fracture fragments
• Apposition


  Fragmented ends of the bone make contact with each other
• Types of Apposition

  • Anatomic Apposition
  • Lack of Apposition
  • Bayonet Apposition
• Loss of alignment of the fracture

  Angulation
• Direction of the angulation and is opposite in relation to the distal part of the fractured fragments

  Apex
• Types of Angulation

  • Apex angulation
  • Varus deformity
  • Valgus deformity
• Torus fx 


  Incomplete break in the cortex
• Greenstick fx


  Cortex on one side of the bone is broken and the other side is bent
• Segmental fx


  Type of double fx in which 2 fx lines isolate a distinct segment of bone. The bone is broken into three pieces. The middle bone is fracture at both ends.
• Butterfly fx


  Two fragments on each side of the main
• Specific Named Fractures

  • Barton's fx
  • Baseball (Mallet) fx
  • Bennett's fx
  • Boxer's fx
  • Colles' fx
  • Smith's fx (reverse Colles' fx)
  • Hangman's fx
  • Hutchinson's (chauffer's) fx
  • Monteggia fx
  • Pott's fx
• Additional Fracture Types

  • Avulsion fx
  • Blowout and/or Tripod fx
  • Chip fx
  • Compression fx
  • Depressed fx (sometimes called ping-pong fx)
  • Epiphyseal fx
  • Pathologic fx
  • Stellate fx
  • Stress or Fatigue fx (sometimes called March fx)
  • Trimalleolar fx
  • Tuft or Burst fx
• Postfracture Reduction

  1. Closed Reduction

  2. Open Reduction
• Barton's fx – intra-articular fracture of the posterior lip of the distal radius
• Baseball (Mallet) fx – fracture of the distal phalanx caused by a ball striking the end of the extended finger
• Bennett's fx – The longitudinal fracture, which occurs at the base of the first metacarpal with the fracture line entering the carpometacarpal joint
• Boxer's fx – usually involves the distal fifth metacarpal resulting from punching someone or something
• Colles' fx – fracture of the wrist in which the distal radius is fractured with the distal fragments displaced posteriorly
• Smith's fx (reverse Colles' fx) - fracture of the wrist in which the distal radius is fractured with the distal fragments displaced anteriorly
• Hangman's fx – occurs through the pedicles of the axis (C2), with or without displacement of C2 or C3
• Hutchinson's (chauffer's) fx – intra-articular fx of the radial styloid process
• Monteggia fx – fracture of the proximal half of ulna, along with dislocation with dislocation of the radial head
• Pott's fx – complete fracture of the distal fibula with major injury to the ankle joint, including ligament damage and frequent fracture of the distal tibia or medial malleolus
• Avulsion fx – results from severe stress to a tendon or ligament in a joint region. A fragment of bone is separated or pulled away by the attached tendon or ligament
• Blowout and/or Tripod fx – results from a direct blow to the orbit and/or maxilla and zygoma, create fractures to the floor and lateral margins of the orbit