Odisha

• Example of an ICZM

  Odisha, India
• Where is Odisha


  South-east India, in Bay of Bengal
• Shape of coastline


  -fairly straight

  -480km

  -few inlets and natural harbours
• How much mangrove


  1400km2
• How many deltas

  6 - known as Hexadeltaic Region
• What makes Odisha's coast a sediment store

  Lots of deposition
• 3 depositional land forms in Odisha

  -beaches

  -dunes

  -delta
• General relief of Odisha

  -flat

  -at or below sea level
• 3 hard engineering methods used in Odisha

  -breakwaters

  -rock armour

  -sea walls
• Lake renowned for its wildlife

  Chilika lake:

  -brackish salty lagoon

  -becomes less saline in monsoon
• Why is Odisha considered a significant sediment store

  -coast of deposition

  -several major deltas
• Environments on Odisha's coast

  -mangroves

  -sea grasses

  -salt marshes

  -dunes

  -estuaries

  -lagoons
• Wildlife on Odisha's coast

  -large fish stocks

  -marine mammals

  -reptiles

  -turtles

  -sea grasses

  -sea weed
• What is there lots of potential for

  -off shore wind energy

  -wave and tidal power

  -offshore oil/gas
• Main employment sector


  -coastal fishing

  -aquaculture eg shrimp farming
• What attracts visitors to Odisha

  -cultural sites

  -archaeological sites

  -beaches

  -wildlife sanctuaries
• How many species in Chilika Lake Bird Sanctuary

  150 species
• What did the Ministry of Environment and Forests do in 2011

  -assessed Odisha coast

  -mapped areas undergoing significant erosion
• What is causing significant erosion

  -natural processes eg SL rise

  -human intervention eg hard engineering
• How does the coast change seasonally

  -low energy in summer

  -high energy more erosion in winter
• Statement from Shoreline Change Assessment for Odisha 2011

  'attempting to halt natural processes in one place merely shifts the problem down the coast
• Findings of Shoreline Assessment

  -47% growth

  -37% erosion

  -16% stable
• Why is Odisha's coast considered very dynamic

  Because only 16% is stable
• Where is majority of erosion and growth

  -south = erosion

  -north = accretion
• Where are most coastal defences

  South, mainly protecting ports
• What has human intervention done

  -interfering with sediment transfer

  -destabilising patterns of wave energy
• Why is protecting Odisha's coast so essential


  -massively economically valuable

  -increased threats from storm surges, SL rise, tsunami
• Cyclone Phailin

  -October 2013

  -struck near Gopalur
• What were windspeeds of Cyclone Phalin

  200kmph
• How many people were evacuated during Cyclone Phailin

  1 million
• How many deaths in Cyclone Phailin

  44
• How many hectares of crops lost in Ganjam

  500,000
• Overall cost of Cyclone Phailin

  $700,000
• Mitigation strategies used by Odisha

  -relief supply distribution prior to storms

  -staged evacuations

  -warning systems
• Aim of the ICZM of Odisha

  Promote sustainable use of the coast
• Main 3 organisations involved

  -Ministry of Forest & Environment

  -Indian Government

  -World Bank
• National government stakeholders


  -Fisheries dept

  -Water resource dept

  -Archaeology dept
• Local government stakeholders

  -Odisha disaster management authority

  -Odisha Pollution control board
• Local economy stakeholders

  -Odisha Tourism Development Corporation
• Aims at local scale

  -replanting of mangrove

  -control and monitoring of erosion

  -cyclone shelters

  -ecotourism