Juyad

• 4 Major Educational Philosophies

  • Perennialism
  • Essentialism
  • Romanticism
  • Progressivism
• Eclecticism


  A mix of more than two philosophies
• Perennialism


  • Values knowledge that transcends time
  • Subject-centered philosophy
  • Goal is to teach students to think rationally and develop critical thinking
  • Classroom is closely organized and well-disciplined
  • Focuses on mastery of content and development of reasoning skills
• Perennialism


  "The more things change, the more they stay the same"
• Perennialism


  1. Skills are developed in a sequential manner

  2. Teachers are the main actors
• Essentialism


  • Subject-centered philosophy
  • Focuses on teaching basic skills
  • Advocates training the mind
  • Focuses on transmitting progressively difficult topics
  • Subjects are focused on historical context and culture
  • Common model in U.S. public schools
• Typical day at an essentialist school

  1. 7 periods, students attend different class each period

  2. Teachers impart knowledge through lectures, students take notes

  3. Students provided with practice worksheets or hands-on projects

  4. Assessments on learning material

  5. Promoted to next level when competent
• Essentialism


  William C. Bagley was one of the most influential advocates
• Romanticism


  • Believes in natural goodness of humans hindered by urban civilization
  • Emphasizes emotional self-awareness as necessary to improve society
  • Knowledge is gained through intuition rather than deduction
  • Student-centered philosophy that focuses on differentiation
  • No set curricula, students decide what to learn
  • Five essential characteristics: imagination, intuition, individuality, idealism, inspiration
• Romanticism


  Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Maria Montessori were stalwarts
• Progressivism


  • Believes individuality, progress, and change are fundamental to education
  • Centers curricula on needs, experiences, interests, and abilities of students
  • Emphasizes group activity and cooperative learning
  • Anti-authoritarian, experimental and visionary
  • Aims to develop problem-solving ability
  • Learning is rooted in questions of learners experiencing the world
• Progressivism


  Developed by John Dewey's pedagogic theory based on Pragmatism