Pt.1 Freud

• Personality


  One's social skills, charisma, and popularity
• Personality


  A pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person's behavior
• Theory


  A set of related assumptions that allows scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses
• Theory and its relatives

  • Philosophy
  • Hypothesis
  • Taxonomy
  • Psychology of science
• Determinism

  • Proposes that all behavior has a cause and is thus predictable
• Free will


  • The idea that we can have free choice in how we act and assumes that we are free to choose our behavior
• Uniqueness


  • People possess such unique personalities that we cannot compare one person to another
• Universality


  • We can compare people's personalities and categorize them
• Physiological motivation


  • People are completely motivated by basic needs (survival, avoiding pain, seeking pleasure)
• Purposive motivation


  • People are completely motivated to grow and develop and refers to the desires driven by our personal goals
• Conscious to Freud

  • State of awareness: motivated by forces of which they are aware
• Unconscious to Freud

  • Unawareness: hidden desires and thoughts from our conscious awareness
• Nature


  • Biology affects personality
• Nurture


  • Environment affects personality and nature does not matter
• Optimism

  • People are good and rarely or never act for selfish or evil reasons
• Pessimism

  • People act solely for selfish or evil purposes and they are never good
• Psychodynamic theories

  Personality emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences and the unconscious mind
• Trait perspective


  Centered on identifying, describing, and measuring the specific traits that make up human personality
• Humanistic perspective


  Focuses on psychological growth, free will, and personal awareness
• Behavioral perspective


  Suggests that personality is a result of interaction between the individual and the environment
• Social cognitive/learning perspective


  Emphasizes the importance of observational learning, self-efficacy, situational influences, and cognitive processes
• Existential perspective


  Rooted in philosophy, which has long tried to make sense of people's being in the world
• Conscious


  Current contents of your mind that you actively think of; What we call working memory
• Preconscious


  Thoughts, memories, knowledge, wishes, and feelings we are not aware of but are for easy access when needed; sometimes acted upon indirectly
• Unconscious


  The true motivation of our underlying desires and wants
• Id


  Has no contact with reality, driven by our instinct, comprised of our sex and violence
• Ego


  Negotiates Id and Superego, plans and balances reality
• Superego


  Conscience/Moral, internalization of the moral imperatives of our parents and other significant others
• Drive


  Impulse, stimulus, trigger, constant motivational force to seek pleasure and reduce anxiety
• Libido


  Sex drive
• Aggression


  Destructive drive that can have many forms like teasing, gossip, sarcasm, humiliation, humor, sadism
• Id, Ego, and Superego


  Their relationship and balance determines personality types like Manyakis, Prangka, Abuser, Aggressive Risk Taker; Self-pitying, guilty, plastik (two-faced), idealistic, perfectionist; Strategic, self-aware, relates well, polite, acknowledges desires
• Neurotic anxiety


  refers to the impulses when ego feels overwhelmed by the id's irrational desires, leading to feelings of unease and discomfor (ex. phobia, excessive fear of authority figures, feelings of abandonment)
• Moral anxiety


  occurs when the ego is challenged by the superego's moral standards and values. (ex. a person is tempted to cheat on a test or engage in a dishonest act)
• Realistic anxiety


  refers to more straightforward and relates to genuine, tangible threats in the external world (ex. fear of heights and worrying for an exam)
• Defense mechanisms


  Denials or distortions of reality that operate unconsciously
• Free association


  Speak freely about anything to tap the unconscious
• Dream analysis


  Analyze the manifest and latent content of dreams to tap the unconscious
• Freudian slips


  Reveal a person's true but unconscious intentions
• Psychosexual development stages


  Stages of development in which conflict over Id's impulses plays out and Ego must control these impulses