MODULE 1: PRECOLONIAL PERIOD

• Pre-Colonial Period (BC to 1564)
• Spanish Colonization Period (1565-1863)
• American Colonization Period (1910-1945)
• Japanese Occupation (1942-1945)
• War Years of Japanese Occupation- (1942-1944)
• Contemporary/Modern Period(1970 to Present)
• Pre-colonial period characteristics- it is based on oral traditions and crude on ideology and phraseology.
• The literary forms in (precolonial riod) are oral literature, folk songs, and folk tales.
• Riddles(bugtong), proverbs(salawikain), and tanaga are examples of oral literature.
• Riddles (bugtong) – battle of wits among participants
• bugtong/tigmo Cebu
• Bugtong/ Paktakon -llonggo
• Bugtong/Patotdon -Bicol
• Proverbs (salawikain) – wise sayings that contain a metaphor used to teach as a food for thought etc.

  Example: Nasa Diyos ang awa, nasa tao ang gawa
• Tanaga - a mono-riming heptasyllabic quatrain expressing insights and lessons on life, is "more emotionally charged than the terse proverb, and thus, has affinities with the folk lyric."
• Folk Songs-It is a form of folk lyric which expresses the hopes and aspirations, the people's lifestyles as well as their loves. These are often repetitive and sonorous, didactic, and naive.
• Hele or oyayi,

  ambahan(mangyan), kalusan(ivatan), tagay(Cebuano and waray), and kanogan(Cebuano) are the examples of folk songs.
• Hele or oyayi – lullaby
• Ambahan (Mangyan) – 7-syllable per line poem that are about human relationships and social entertainment
• Kalusan (Ivatan) - work songs that depict the livelihood of the people.
• Tagay (Cebuano and Waray) – drinking song
• Kanogan (Cebuano) – song of lamentation for the dead.
• Epics, fantasy stories, legends, fables and myths are the examples of folk tales.
• Myths – explain how the world was created, how certain animals possess certain characteristics, why some places have waterfalls, volcanoes, mountains, flora, or fauna.
• Legends – explain the origin of things; examples are Why the Pineapple Has Eyes and The Legend of Maria Makiling.
• Fables – use animal characters and allegory.
• Fantasy stories – deal with underworld characters such as “tiyanak,” “aswang,” “kapre,” and others.
• Epics - these are “narratives of sustained length based on oral tradition. Revolvingupernatural events or heroic deeds.” (Arsenio Manuel) Examples: Lam-ang (Ilocano), Hinilawod (Panay), Kudaman (Palawan), and Darangen (Maranao)
• Oral literature


  Literature that is spoken or sung, rather than written down. It includes myths, legends, and poetry passed down from generation to generation through spoken word.
• Folk songs


  Traditional songs passed down orally within a culture or community. They often reflect the values, beliefs, and experiences of the people who sing them.
• Folk tales


  Traditional stories passed down orally within a culture or community. They often feature animals or supernatural beings, and are used to teach moral lessons or explain natural phenomena.