transpiration

• cohesion: hydrogen bonds between water molecules
• tension/adhesion: hydrogen bonds between the cell wall and the water molecules
• Cohesion tension steps: diffusion > evaporation + transpiration > tension + cohesion > osmosis = D ET TC O
• cohesion-tension theory 1:

  water diffuses out through stomata down a concentration gradient
• cohesion-tension theory 2:

  water evaporates from the leaves through transpiration from cells lining substomatal cavities
• cohesion-tension theory 3:

  water is pulled upwards by tension
• cohesion-tension theory 4:

  water is pulled upwards by cohesion
• cohesion-tension theory 5:

  water diffuses into the roots via osmosis to replace water lost from transpiration