I/O Psych

• collectivities of parts that cannot accomplish their goals effectively if they operated separately

  Organization
• Set of propositions that explains or predicts how group and individuals behave in varying organizational structures and circumstances

  Organizational Theory
• Organizations exists for economic reasons and to accomplish productivity goals. It deals with the formal organization and concepts to increase management efficiency

  Classical Organizational Theory
• concept behind division of labor, that is, organizations should be divided into units that perform similar functions into areas of specialization

  Functional Principle
• Deals with the organization’s vertical growth and refers to the chain of command that grows with levels added to the organization

  Scalar Principle
• have primary responsibilities for meeting the major goals of the organization

  Line Functions:
• support the line’s activities but are regarded as subsidiary in overall importance to line functions

  Staff Function
• refers to the number of subordinates a manager is responsible for supervising


  Span-Of-Control Principle
• Large Span-of-Control produce what?

  flat organizations
• smaller Span-of-Control produce what?

  taller organizations
• Founder of Scientific Management

  Frederick Taylor
• The organization is a machine, a pragmatic machine whose focus is to simply run more effectively

  Scientific Management
• Well-defined authority hierarchy with strict rules for governing behavior, with few members with highest status on the top. It also a " Ideal form of Organization"

  Bureaucracy by Max Weber
• each job is a specialized position with its own set of responsibilities and duties; division of tasks performed in an organization

  Division of Labor
• approach whereby supervisors assign particular tasks to separate employees and hold them responsible for completing these tasks (Micromanagers)


  Delegation of Authority
• formal way an org is designed in terms of division of labor, delegation of authority, and span of control

  Structure
• Who Founded Adminstrative Management?

  Henri Fayol
• Aims to improve organizational productivity by focusing on methods that managers can use to synchronize internal processes

  Administrative Management
• Five functions of Managers

  Planning Organizing Commanding Coordinating Controlling
• Who proposed Structural Theory?

  Harry Mintzberg
• organizations evolve to reach a certain form and shape (structure) which permits the organization to function in its surroundings. It is as an Adaptive Mechanism

  Structural Theory
• responsible for conducting basic work duties that give the organization its defining purpose

  Operating Core
• responsible for the overall success of the entire organization

  Strategic Apex
• ensures that overall goals set by strategic apex are being carried out by the operating core


  Middle Line
• possess specific technical expertise that facilitates overall operation of the organization

  Technostructure
• aid the basic mission of the organization and typically includes the mailroom, security, and janitorial services

  Support Staff
• belief system that compels commitment to a particular value; organizations should have singularly devoted to a particular mission, and all its actions are in pursuit if that mission

  Ideology
• side effect of ideology, causes divisiveness and conflict; the basis is the use of power that is neither formally authorized or widely accepted in the organization

  Politics
• recognizes the importance of individual or group behavior and emphasized human relations

  Neoclassical Theory
• Study if the workers would be more productive depending on the levels of illumination in the factory. Shows that workers' motivation increased due to interest shown by the company in them and their wellbeing

  Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne Experiment
• People in executive roles must foster a sense of purpose, moral codes, ethical visions, and create formal and informal communication systems

  Comprehensive Theory of Behavior in Formal Organizations
• Who proposed Comprehensive Theory of Behavior in Formal Organizations?

  Herbert Simon
• He Contradicted Henri Fayol’s Administrative Management

  Herbert Simon's Application of Classical Theories to current situations of his time
• social and psychological factors are important in determining worker productivity and satisfaction

  Human Relations Movement
• proposes ideas how managers should behave to motivate the employees

  Behavioral Movement
• Organizations that acknowledged and aided this growth would be more likely to prosper than those that are ignored or actively inhibited this growth

  Argyris’ Growth Perspective
• organizational success in terms of employee motivation and the interpersonal relationships that emerge within the organization

  Humanistic Theory
• managers’ beliefs and assumptions about their employees determine how they behave towards those employees

  Theory X and Theory Y
• Who proposed Theory X and Theory Y?

  McGregor
• employees, over time, learn to act and believe in ways consistent with how managers think they act and believe

  Self-Fulfilling Prophecy