TMHM 009: Micro Perspective in of Tourism and Hospitality

• Tourism


  A social, cultural, and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes
• Aspects of the external environment that could affect tourism

  • Political
  • Economic
  • Social
  • Technological
  • Environmental
  • Legal
• Even if you're not a tourist, you can still possibly be directly or indirectly affected by tourism activities as it involves aspects mentioned above
• Tourism industry


  The organizations, activities, and people involved in providing services for people on holiday
• Hospitality industry


  The combination of the accommodation and food and beverage groupings, collectively making up the largest segment of the industry
• Accommodation sector


  • It is the central to the travel and hospitality industry
  • It provides the base from which tourists can engage in the process of staying at a destination
  • It serves as a focal point for the hosting of guests and visitors
  • Assumes many forms and all of them fit the conventional image of the hotel
  • Basic need
• Transportation sector


  • It is concerned with helping tourists to get where they need to go, via the provision of transport
  • It also includes the mode which a traveler uses to arrive at a destination as well as how they get from place once they have arrived
• Food and beverage sector


  • It provides tourists with essential refreshments at all stages of their travel experience, including during travel when spending time in their chosen accommodation, and when they are out and about exploring the location they have travelled to
  • It offers them opportunities to socialize, meet new people and enjoy themselves
• Attraction sector


  • These are the "lifeblood" of a destination since they are part of the appeal, ambiance, and overall experience
  • The main purpose is sightseeing and to allow access for entertainment, interest, or education
  • Attraction must be a permanent established excursion destination
  • It must be open to the public without prior booking
  • It should be capable of attracting day visitors or tourists as well as local residents
  • Attraction must be a single management so that it is capable of answering the economic questions on revenue and employment
• A's of tourism

  • Attraction
  • Accessibility
  • Accommodation
  • Amenities
• Ma'am Gay mentioned that she believes there should be an addition to A's of tourism which is Accountability
• Entertainment sector


  • It refers to casinos, shopping, sports or gaming events
  • It also refers to zoos, aquariums, botanical gardens, historic sites, national parks, museums, or art galleries
  • This sector could be a festival or fair, or other cultural events
• Travel organizers sector


  • This refers to tour operators
  • Retail travel agents and booking agencies
  • They prepare and arrange events, and incentive travel organizers
• Destination organization sector (Destination management sector)


  • It includes national tourism boards, state/provincial tourism offices, and community convention and visitor bureaus around the world
  • DMOs promote the 'long-term' development and marketing of a destination, focusing on convention sales, tourism marketing and service
• Attractions

  • Natural
  • Man-made
  • Events
• Loyal consumers


  • Small segment of your consumer base
  • Valuable to every business
  • Promoter of the brand
• Discount consumers


  • A tendency to frequent the same organisations and brands
  • Make purchases when there is some kind of sale or discount
• Impulsive consumers


  • Most difficult when it comes to maximizing marketing collateral
  • Don't shop with a specific product or service in mind
  • Tends to be emotionally driven as opposed to logically driven
• Need-base consumers


  • They purchase to fulfill a need
  • Segment your consumers by needs and tailor a marketing strategy to each of these needs
• Wandering consumers


  • No specific need or desire in mind
  • Attracted by the location of the business more than anything else
  • Enjoy the social interaction of the shopping experience
• Tourism suppliers


  • Companies that create own and provide the travel products being sold
  • Comprises the suppliers all the goods and services that go into the delivery of tourism products to consumers
  • The primary providers across accommodation, transaction, and car rental companies, attractions, and experiences
• Four steps to the distribution chain

  1. Suppliers or Principals

  2. Wholesalers

  3. Resellers or Retailers

  4. End Consumers
• Tourism distribution chain


  The businesses and platforms involved in selling, distributing, and bundling in Tourism
• Tourism distribution channel


  The avenues of tourism products and services are made accessible to consumers
• Tourism supply chains


  A whole network of tourism entities which are engaged in various tourism-based activities
• Set standards for service providers

  • Aesthetics
  • Grooming and Health
  • Safety
  • Customer Service and Guest Relations
  • Food Preparation and Service
  • Sustainable Practice
• Tourism intermediaries


  • Agents or businesses that facilitate the connection between tourism suppliers and consumers
  • They distribute, promote, and sell tourism products and services
• Travel agents


  • The most common type of tourism intermediaries
  • They provide advice, information, and booking services to travellers who want to plan their trips
  • It can work independently or as part of a larger agency or network
  • It can specialize in certain destinations, markets, or products such as cruises, adventure tours, or business travel
  • It earns commissions from the suppliers they represent such as airlines, hotels, or tour operators
• Tour operators


  • They design package and sell tourism products and services such as tours, excursions, accommodation, activities, and transportation
  • It can create their own products or buy them from other suppliers
  • They customize their products to suit the needs and preferences of different customers such as groups, families, or individuals
  • They sell their products directly to consumers or through other intermediaries such as travel agents or online platforms
• Online travel agencies (OTAs)


  • Websites or apps that allow travellers to search, compare, and book tourism products and services online
  • Offer a wide range of products such as flights, hotels, car rentals, tours, and activities
  • They provide reviews, ratings, and recommendations from other travelers
  • OTAs earn revenues from fees, commissions, or advertising from the suppliers they feature
• Destination management companies(DMC)


  • Specialized type of tourism intermediary
  • It provides local expertise, support, and coordination for tourism activities and events in a specific destination
  • It offers services such as transportation, accommodation, activities, and event planning
• Tourism products and services

  • Excursions
  • Accommodation
  • Activities
  • Transportation
• Tourism companies


  • Can create their own products or buy them from other suppliers
  • Customize their products to suit the needs and preferences of different customers such as groups, families, or individuals
  • Sell their products directly to consumers or through other intermediaries such as travel agents or online platforms
• Online Travel Agencies (OTAs)


  • Websites or apps that allow travellers to search, compare, and book tourism products and services online
  • Offer a wide range of products such as flights, hotels, car rentals, tours, and activities
  • Provide reviews, ratings, and recommendations from other travelers
  • Earn revenues from fees, commissions, or advertising from the suppliers they feature
• Destination Management Companies


  • Specialized type of tourism intermediary
  • Provides local expertise, support, and coordination for tourism activities and events in a specific destination
  • Offers services such as transportation, accommodation, catering, entertainment, guides, interpreters, and security
  • Create and manage programs, itineraries, and themes for different types of customers such as corporate groups, incentive trips, or conferences
  • Work closely with local suppliers, authorities, and stakeholders to ensure quality and sustainability
• Tourism Promotions Boards (TPB)


  • Specialized organizations that promote and develop tourism in a specific destination, region, or country
  • Have multiple functions such as marketing, branding, research, planning, policy making, regulation, education, etc. and collaborate with other intermediaries like travel agents or tour operators to create and distribute tourism products and services
  • Typically funded by public or private sources or a combination of both
• Accommodation


  Any provisions for overnight stays and related services, usually housing on a day or week basis
• How lodging is sold


  1. Identify your target market

  2. Select right client

  3. Right Timing

  4. Create Relationships
• Listen twice as much as you speak
• Guests who feel you connect with them will remember you