health 2

• PATHOGENS

  microscopic organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and parasites causes communicable disease
• symptom

  It is the subjective evidence of disease or physical disturbance
• COMMUNICABLE

  a disease that spreads to one person/animal to another.
• ATHLETES FOOT

  common fungal infection that affects the skin on the feet
• • Infectious diseases are caused by harmful organisms that get into your body from the outside, like viruses and bacteria.
• Noninfectious diseases aren’t caused by outside organisms, but by genetics, anatomical differences, getting older and the environment you live in.
• direct contact

  • Takes place through skin-to-skin contact, as well as kissing and sexual intercourse.
• • Direct contact with contaminated soil is also possible, as well as contact with fomites.
• direct contact

  • Infection through respiratory droplets is a form of direct contact, such as sneezing, coughing, or talking.
• indirect contact allows a pathogen to spread to a host through suspended air particles, fomites, or vectors (insects such as mosquitoes and fleas).
• indirect contact

  • Airborne transmission is possible when droplet nuclei are suspended in the air.
• Infection occurs when an organism, such as a virus or bacterium, invades the body. The infectious agent rapidly multiplies in the body’s tissues. Although not all infections result in disease, some can trigger the immune system, causing symptoms of illness.
• • The incubation stage includes the time from exposure to an infectious agent until the onset of symptoms.
• • Viral or bacterial particles replicate during the incubation stage.
• • The incubation stage depends on the kind of pathogen, the person’s immune system, body resistance, and the place where the pathogen multiplied.
• • Flu

  incubates for 1-4 days, but symptoms can appear as early as 2 days after the virus enters the body.
• • Hepatitis B

  The incubation period for hepatitis B virus (HBV) ranges from 1.5- 6 months
• • The prodromal stage refers to the period after incubation and before the characteristic symptoms of infection occur.
• • People can also transmit infections during the prodromal stage.
• • prodromal
  • during this stage, the infectious agent replicates, triggering the body’s immune response and mild, nonspecific symptoms.
• • For example, the flu has a short incubation period of about two days. As a result, the prodromal stage may overlap with the incubation stage and the onset of illness.
• illness or acute stage

  the third stage of infection is an illness or clinical disease. This stage includes the time when a person shows apparent symptoms of an infectious disease.
• acute stage

  • The most severe stage because this is the timewhen the signs and symptoms are at their peak.
• • SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS viral infections
  • involve different organ systems in the body
  • Flu- runny rose, coughing, fatigue, and sinus congestion
  • Conjunctivitis- eyes
• • LOCALIZED SYMPTOMS bacterial infection
  • symptoms only affect a specific area in the body
  • Sore throat- pain and itch in a localized area of throat
• • recovery/decline - The body begins to return to a normal state of health.
• recovery

  • Signs and symptoms subside at this stage
• • FATAL DISEASE- if the infections does not reach this stage and cause death to the patient.
• convalescence stage

  • The stage in which all signs and symptoms disappear completely.
• convalescence stage

  • This stage marks the person’s return to his or healthy state before the infection.
• EMERGING DISEASES

  Are infections that have become increasingly common in humans during the last twenty years and threaten to increase in the near future.
• ANIMAL TRANSMISSION

  Diseases can arise through contact with infected animals.
• Drug Resistance

  Pathogens become resistant to existing drugs.

  Example: Antibiotic-resistant strains of tuberculosis.
• Lack of Immunization

  From birth to age six years old, infants and children get the immunizations:
• • An epidemic is a widespread disease in a community with a large population affected at a particular time. They usually appear and disappear seasonally.
• EPIDEMIC

  Examples: yellow fever, smallpox, measles, and polio
• A pandemic is a widespread disease in a country or the whole world with a large part of the population effected at a particular time.
• Diseases that have an endemic pattern may or may not be contagious, but they are always present in a community.
• Diseases that have an endemic pattern may or may not be contagious, but they are always present in a community.
• LEPTOSPIROSIS

  caused by leptospira transmitted through contact with infected animals. Common in the Philippines during the rainy season.