Science

• is all the different Kinds of life you’ll find in one area , the variety of animals, plants , fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our natural world.

  Biodiversity
• the term “biodiversity” was introduced in 1988 by whom

  Evolutionary biologist E.O Wilson
• Is a genetically distinctive population that share a common gene pool and capable of interbreeding and producin offspring.

  Species
• The final criterion for classifying species is always what

  Reproduction
• The branch of biology concerned with the study of biological diversity and its classification is called

  Systematics
• The assignment of a distinctive name to each species is called

  Nomenclature
• Is the science of naming and classifying organisms based on their similarities.

  Taxonomy
• A two-kingdom scheme-animalia and plantae was first proposed by whom and was popular for over what years?

  Proposed by Carolus Linnaeus, was popular for over 200 years.
• He made observations of microscopic single-celled organisms.

  Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
• He proposed the three- Kingdom scheme. He added kingdom Protista to separate the unicellular (Protista) from the multicellular (animals and plants) organisms.

  Ernst Haeckel
• A french marine biologist, introduced the terms prokaryotes and eukaryotes. He described prokaryotes as organisms without nuclei in their cells, and eukaryotes as organisms with nuclei in their cells.


  Edouard Chatton
• he proposed a fourth kingdom, separating the two prokaryotic groups , bacteria and ” blue-green algae” into kingdom Monera, Protista included large , single eukaryotic cells like protozoans and algae.

  Herbert F. Copeland
• He proposed the creation of a rank above the kingdom, a super kingdom or empire called?

  Edouard Chatton, proposed an empire called domain.
• an American ecologist, proposed kingdom Fungi.

  Robert Whittaker
• Are mostly multicellular autotrophs ( produce their own food )

  Plantae
• Are multicellular saprotrophs ( derive food from dead and rotten organisms)

  Fungi
• He also classified organisms into two major divisions: Prokaryota (Monera) and Eukaryota (Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia).

  Robert Whittaker
• The resulting five-kingdom system proposed by whom has become a popular standard with some modifications.

  Robert whittaker
• He divided the prokaryotes (kingdom Monera) into two groups - Eubacteria ( complex bacteria) and archaebacteria (unicellular).

  Carl Woese
• He attempted to establish a “three primary kingdom” classification scheme.

  Woese
• He treated the archaebacteria as a subkingdom of the kingdom Bacteria. He totally rejected the three-domain system.

  Thomas Cavalier Smith
• Is a part of the science of systematics that shows the genetic relationships among organisms .

  Phylogeny
• The science of classifying organism is called

  Taxonomy
• Is the largest category into which organisms are classified.

  Domain
• Is the taxonomic rank after domain.

  Kingdom
• Is a group of organisms that can reproduce

  Species
• This method gives each species a unique, two-word Latin name consisting of the genus name and the species name. Scientific names, are written either italicized or underlined with only the first letter of the genus written in uppercase.

  Binomial nomenclature
• Organisms of this kingdom are all microscopic, meaning we cannot see them with our unaided eyes. It has no nucleus and even organelles.

  Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Can survive in places where there is little to no oxygen, like the digestive tracts of animals and ponds. An important characteristic of this group is they produce methane gas.

  Methanogens
• Are adapted to very salty environments.

  Halophiles
• Can live in places with high temperature.

  Thermophiles
• Members of eubacteria are unicellular and microscopic. They do not have true nucleus and organelles and are regarded as the true bacteria. Their cell walls are made of peptidoglycan, the basic unit of the cell wall in bacteria, which confers mechanical rigidity to the cell , protects the cytoplasm membrane and determines the cell form.


  Kingdom eubacteria
• Members of domains eubacteria and archaebacteria are called prokaryotes because of they lack true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.


  Prokaryotes
• eukarya consists of organisms that have true nucleus and structures called organelles that are surrounded with by membranes. Organisms in the domain eukarya keep their genetic material in a nucleus and include the plants, animals, fungi, and protists.


  Domain eukarya
• This kingdom come from unrelated ancestors thus, this grouping is referred to by biologists as an artificial grouping. They can be classified into three groups: plant-like, animal-like, and fungi-like protists. The grouping is based on their method of obtaining energy and ability to locomote.


  Kingdom Protista
• these are like plants in that they have chlorophyll and they can produce their own food through photosynthesis.

  Photoautotrophs
• These are those that obtain energy from organic matter by feeding on other organisms. Some of these protists can also locomote by means of pseudopodia, cilia, or flagella, hence, they are referred to as animal-like protists because of their heterotrophic and locomotory nature.


  Heterotrophs
• A group of protists called ____ has members that are non-locomotory because of the absence of any locomotory structure.

  Sporozoa
• The third group of protists are the ____ protists that are classified based on their similarity in characteristics to fungi in that they reproduce by forming spores and are considered as saprotrophic.

  Fungi-like
• These are organisms that derive energy from organic matter , hence, they are considered as heterotrophs, but they perform extracellular digestion by releasing enzymes into dead organic matter and absorbing the products of digestion.

  Saprotrophs