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• Globalization


  The ongoing process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among nations, economies, cultures, and societies worldwide
• Processes of Globalization


  • Economic
  • Social
  • Cultural
  • Technological
  • Institutional
• Economic Processes


  • Involves integration and interdependence of national economies
  • Includes international trade, foreign investment, and global supply chains
  • Promotes economic growth but raises concerns about inequality and sustainability
• Social Processes


  • Entails interconnectedness and interactions among societies and individuals worldwide
  • Includes migration, tourism, and cultural exchange
  • Leads to cultural diversity but challenges social cohesion and identity
• Cultural Processes


  • Involves the diffusion and exchange of cultural products, practices, and values across national boundaries
  • Driven by media, entertainment industries, and digital technologies
  • Results in cultural homogenization and hybridization, but raises concerns about diversity and commodification
• Technological Processes


  • Refers to the rapid advancements and diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) worldwide
  • Includes the internet, mobile phones, and digital platforms
  • Drives innovation and connectivity but raises concerns about digital divide and privacy
• Institutional Processes


  • Involves the emergence of transnational organizations, agreements, and governance mechanisms
  • Includes international organizations and regional blocs
  • Aims to address global challenges but faces challenges related to sovereignty and accountability
• Global media cultures


  The shared norms, values, and practices that are disseminated through media platforms and shape our perceptions of the world
• Characteristics of Global Media Cultures

  • Hybridity
  • Diversity
  • Connectivity
  • Power
• Global media cultures are often influenced by economic factors, with media conglomerates and advertising playing a significant role in shaping cultural production and dissemination
• The rise of digital media has enabled the proliferation of global media cultures, with platforms like YouTube and Netflix providing access to diverse cultural content from around the world
• Examples of Global Media Cultures

  • Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram
  • Global news organizations like CNN and BBC
  • Popular culture, such as music, movies, and television shows
• Media


  Tools used to store and deliver information or data
• Time Periods in the Evolution of Media and Globalization

  • Oral Communication
  • Script
  • The Printing Press
  • Electronic Media
  • Digital Media
• Oral Communication


  • The oldest and most enduring form of human interaction
  • Essential in sharing knowledge, experiences, and skills for survival throughout history
• Script


  • Language relies on the capacity of our memory
  • The stage that explores the brief transition from the oral form of communication to printing
  • Enables human beings to record information across distances for a much longer time
• The Printing Press


  • Prior to the printing press, the production of written documents was slow cumbersome and expensive
  • Encouraged the literacy of the public and the growth of schools
  • Helped foster globalization and knowledge of globalization
• Electronic Media


  • An efficient way to communicate with one another either using media devices or social media sources
  • Requires electromagnetic energy – electricity – to use
  • Examples: Radio, Television, Telephone
• Digital Media


  • Most often electronic media that rely on digital codes
  • Commonly used software are websites and social media through the computer and cellular phones
  • Currently the most significant media of influence to globalization
• Media and Globalization


  • Economy
  • Politics
  • Education
  • Culture
• Positive Effect of Globalization: it expands global market opportunities, and it drives economic growth in the poor parts of the world. Local culture enriches when exposed to other cultures. It increases the knowledge and understanding of people around the world
• Negative Impact of Globalization: it is a threat to the local economy, and it has disadvantages for poor countries and small businesses. It can also destroy traditional culture, beliefs, and value systems and may result in a loss of cultural identity
• Cultural Imperialism


  When one community imposes various aspects of its own way of life onto another community
• Key Aspects of Cultural Imperialism


  • Media Dominance
  • Cultural Stereotyping
  • Political and Military Power
• Global Media


  Connects people worldwide through various platforms like TV, the Internet, and social media, allowing sharing of information, ideas, and entertainment across cultures
• Positive Effects of Global Media


  • Cultural Exchange
  • Connectivity
  • Access to Information
• Negative Effects of Global Media

  • Cultural Homogenization
  • Media Imperialism
  • Misinformation
• While promoting cultural exchange and understanding, global media may also risk homogenizing culture, perpetuating stereotypes, and marginalizing minority voices. Engaging critically with media representations is crucial to preserving cultural diversity and identity
• Examples of Impact of Global Media

  • Positive: The global popularity of K-pop not only introduces millions to Korean culture but also fosters cross-cultural appreciation and understanding
  • Negative: The portrayal of Western beauty standards in global media can perpetuate unrealistic beauty ideals and contribute to body image issues, particularly among individuals from non-Western cultures
• Preserving cultural diversity enriches society by fostering creativity, promoting tolerance and understanding, and preserving unique traditions and heritage
• Hybridization


  The blending or mixing of cultural elements from different sources, resulting in the emergence of new hybrid forms and expressions
• Subtopics of Hybridization


  • Cultural Fusion
  • Transnational Identities
  • Media and Cultural Hybridization
• Cultural Fusion


  • Cultural Syncretism
  • Mixed Cultural Practices
• Transnational Identities


  • Cultural Hybridity in Art and Fashion
  • Digital Hybrid Spaces
• Media and Cultural Hybridization

  • Hybrid Media Content
  • Global Pop Culture
  • Social Media Influences
• Media and Cultural Hybridization


  Media platforms disseminate cultural content that reflects hybrid cultural forms and expressions. Films, music, literature, and television programs often incorporate elements from diverse cultural sources, appealing to global audiences with varied cultural backgrounds.
• Global Pop Culture


  Globalization has led to the globalization of popular culture, characterized by the circulation of cultural products and trends worldwide. Pop culture icons, such as international music stars or Hollywood films, embody hybrid cultural forms that resonate with audiences across cultural boundaries.
• Social Media Influences


  Social media platforms enable individuals to share and consume cultural content from around the world, contributing to the hybridization of cultural practices and identities. Memes, viral videos, and internet trends often reflect a blend of cultural references and influences from diverse sources.
• Religion


  A complex system of beliefs, practices, rituals, ethics, and social structures that connect humanity to an order of existence, often involving a belief in a higher power or powers.
• Globalization


  The process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide. It is driven by advancements in technology, communication, transportation, and trade.