Medicine and Cancer

• medicine: the science or practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease (in technical use often taken to exclude surgery)
• the classification of medicine is based on the body system and the organ system. Some classifications are pharmacological, therapeutic, legal, and pathological.
• therapeutical medicine is used to treat disease and illness, it is used to treat the symptoms of disease. therapeutic medicine work by suppressing the symptoms of disease. examples of therapeutic medicine are antibiotics, painkillers and anti-depressants.
• pharmacological medicine is the use of drugs to treat disease and maintain health. they work by their own mechanism of action through a specific organ in the body. examples of pharmacological medicine are antihypertensives and beta blockers
• legal medicine are the laws that govern the practice of medicine and the profession of medicine. some legal medicines are known as stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens. legal stimulants are those that increase the activity of the central nervous system. legal depressants are those that decrease the activity of the central nervous system. legal hallucinogens are those that alter the perception of reality. known legal stimulants are caffeine, cocaine, morphine, and methamphetamine.
• pathological medicine is the branch of medicine concerned with the causes and effects of diseases. pathology is the scientific study of disease. pathologists examine tissue samples from patients who have been diagnosed with cancer. this helps them determine if the patient has cancer and what type of cancer they have.
• cancer is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. these cells can invade nearby tissues and organs. they can also spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream and lymphatic system. there are many different types of cancer, but all involve the development of malignant tumors.
• malignant tumor is a mass of abnormal cells that grows uncontrollably and can invade nearby healthy tissues and organs. Malignant tumors can also metastasize, meaning they can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream and lymphatic system.
• cancer is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. these abnormal cells can invade nearby tissues and organs. they may also spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream and lymphatic system.
• malignant tumor is a mass of abnormal cells that grow rapidly and can invade surrounding healthy tissue. Malignant tumors can metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body.
• there are two types of cancer; benign tumors and malignant tumors. benign tumors do not grow into surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body. malignant tumors are made up of cancerous cells that grow quickly and invade nearby tissues and organs. they may also metastasize which means they spread to other parts of the body.
• benign tumor is a non-cancerous growth of cells that does not invade nearby healthy tissues or organs. Benign tumors do not usually cause any harm unless they press on surrounding structures and cause discomfort or pain.
• benign tumor is a non-cancerous growth of cells that does not invade neighboring tissues or spread to other parts of the body. benign tumors usually do not cause serious harm unless they press against vital structures such as nerves, blood vessels, or internal organs.
• primary site refers to where the cancer first started growing. For example, lung cancer would be considered primary lung cancer because it began in the lungs.
• some common signs and symptoms of cancer include fatigue, fever, unexplained weight loss, changes in bowel movements, persistent cough, difficulty swallowing, skin changes such as sores that don't heal, bleeding, and thickening or lump in breast or any part of the body.
• metastasis is the process whereby cancer cells break away from the original site of the tumor and travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to form new tumors at distant sites in the body.
• metastasis is the process by which cancer cells spread from one part of the body to another. Metastasis occurs when cancer cells break away from the original tumor and travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to form new tumors in other parts of the body.
• the most common types of cancer include lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma (skin cancer), bladder cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, testicular cancer, brain cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and non-hodgkin's lymphoma.
• cancer: a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body
• causes of cancer: genetic mutations, exposure to carcinogens, and viruses
• prevention strategies for cancer: avoid tobacco products, maintain a healthy diet, exercise regularly, limit alcohol consumption, protect your skin from excessive sun exposure, get vaccinated against certain cancers, and avoid unnecessary radiation exposure
• common carcinogens are: UV light, ionising radiation, chemicals, viruses
• antibiotics are therapeutical medicine that kill bacterias and inhibits their growth.
• antipyretics are medicine used for pyrexia or fever. examples of antipyretics are acetaminophen and ibuprofen.
• analgesic is medicine used to relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness. example of analgesic is paracetamol.
• anti-inflammatory drugs reduce inflammation and swelling. they also have pain relief properties. examples of anti-inflammatory drugs are aspirin and ibuprofen.
• antihistamine reduces allergies symptoms such as sneezing, itching, runny nose, and watery eyes. examples of antihistamines are cetirizine and loratadine.
• corticosteroids are hormones produced by the adrenal glands. it has potent anti-inflammatory effects. cortisone is an example of corticosteroid.
• aspirin is an anti-inflammatory drug that reduces fever and alleviates mild to moderate pain.
• antidepressants treat depression by increasing the levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. examples of antidepressants are fluoxetine and citalopram.
• immunosuppressants suppress immune system activity. this type of drug is given to prevent organ rejection following transplant surgery.
• chemotherapy uses cytotoxic agents (drugs) to destroy rapidly dividing cells such as cancerous tumours. chemotherapy may be administered intravenously or taken orally.
• steroids are hormones produced naturally in our body but also synthesised artificially as medication. they have potent effects on many bodily functions including metabolism, immune system function, blood pressure regulation, and bone density maintenance.
• anticonvulsants prevent seizures caused by epilepsy. examples of anticonvulsants are carbamazepine and valproate sodium.
• antipsychotics treats psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. examples of antipsychotics are risperidone and olanzapine.
• radiation therapy uses high energy radiation to destroy cancer cells. radiation therapy may cause side effects like fatigue, skin irritation, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and mouth sores.
• anxiolytics or tranquilizers are medicines that calm people down and make them feel relaxed. benzodiazepines are examples of anxiolytics.
• sarcoma is a type of cancer that can occur in various locations in our body.
• the most common types of sarcomas include osteosarcoma (bone), chondrosarcoma (cartilage), fibrosarcoma (fibrous tissue), liposarcoma (fatty tissue), rhabdomyosarcoma (muscle)
• osteosarcoma is a malignant tumour arising from transformed bone-forming cells called osteoblasts. it usually occurs in children and young adults between ages 10 and 25 years old.