PSYCHIATRIC SUB

• Mood Disorders ( affective disorder) - Are pervasive alterations in emotions that are manifested by depression, mania, or both.
• long term sadness , agitation, or elation - They interfere with persons life plaguing the client with
• Major Depressive  Disorder

  Bipolar Disorder ( formerly known as manic depressive illness) - Primary Mood disorders:
• 2 weeks - Major depressive illness  last at least
• Changes in appetite, weight,sleep or psychomotor activity

  Decreased energy

  Feelings of worthlessness or guilt - Symptoms of major depressive illness
• Bipolar disorder - diagnosed when person’s mood cycles between extremes of mania and depression.
• Mania - distinct period during which mood is abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable. Typically  this period last about 1 wk.
• Decreased need for sleep

  Pressured speech ( unrelenting, rapid, often loud talking without pauses)

  Flight of ideas ( racing often unconnected thoughts)

  Distractibility - symptoms of manic episode
• hypomania - period of abnormally and persistently, elevated , expansive, or irritable mood lasting 4 days and including three or four of the additional symptoms mentioned earlier
• Mixed Episode - when the person experiences both mania and depression nearly every day  for at least  1 week.
• Rapid Cycling - This mixed episode are called
• Bipolar I Disorder - one or more manic or mixed episodes usually accompanied by major depressive  episodes.
• Bipolar II Disorder - one or more major depressive episodes accompanied by at least one hypomanic episode .
• Dysthymic disorder

  Cyclothymic disorder

  Substance – induced mood disorder

  Mood disorder  due to a general medical condition - Related Disorders  Classified in the DSM IV TR as mood disorders but with symptoms that are less severe or of shorter duration
• Dysthymic Disorder - least 2 years of depressed mood for more days  than not with some additional , less severe symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive  episode.
• Cyclothymic Disorder - 2 years of numerous periods of both hypomanic symptoms that do not met the criteria for bipolar disorder.
• Substance – induced mood disorder - a prominent and persistent disturbance in mood that is judged to be a direct physiologic consequences of ingested substances such as alcohol, other drugs, or toxins
• Mood disorder  due to a general medical condition – is cha by prominent and persistent disturbance in mood that is judged to be a direct physiologic consequence of a medical condition such as degenerative neurologic condition
• Seasonal Affective Disorder

  Post Partum & Maternal blues

  Post Partum Depression

  Post Partum Psychosis - Others disorders that involve changes in mood
• Winter depression or fall onset ( most common )

  Spring onset ( less common) - Seasonal affective disorder ( SAD )

      subtypes
• Increased sleep

  Increased appetite

  Carbohydrate craving ,weight gain 

  Interpersonal conflict, irritability

  Heaviness in the extremities - ss of winter depression
• Insomnia

  Weight loss

  Poor appetite - ss of spring onset
• Post partum or maternity blues- are frequent normal experience after delivery of a baby.
• Labile mood and affect

  •Crying spells 

  •Sadness

  •Insomnia

  •Anxiety - Postpartum or Maternal Blues Character
• Postpartum Depression - meets all the criteria for a major depressive episode with onset within 4 wks of delivery
•  Postpartum Psychosis - is a psychotic episode developing within 3 wks of delivery and beginning with fatigue , sadness, emotional lability, poor memory
• Genetic studies - implicate transmission of major depression in the 1st degree relatives  who have twice the risk  of developing depression.
• 3% to 8% - 1st degree  relatives of  people with bipolar disorder have a
• Markowitz and Milrod (2005) - discussed indications of a genetic overlap between early onset  bipolar disorder and early onset alcoholism.
• serotonin and norepinephrine - the two major biogenic amines implicated  in mood disorders
• Kindling - is the process by which seizure activity in a specific area of the brain is initially stimulated by reaching a threshold of the cumulative effects of stress
• Freud

  Bibring

  Jacobson - Psychodynamic Theories
• Freud - looked at the self appreciation of people with depression and attributed that self reproach to anger turned inward related to either a real or perceived loss . 
• Bibring - belived that one’s ego aspired to be ideal (i.e.good and loving, superior or strong)
• Jacobson- compared the state of depression to a situation in which the ego is powerless 
• Mayer

  Horney

  Becks - Most psychoanalytical theories
• Meyer - viewed depression as a reaction to a distressing life experience such as an event with psychic causality.
• Horney - believed that children raised by rejecting or unloving parents were prone to feelings of insecurity and loneliness making them susceptible to depression and helplessness.
• Beck - saw depression as resulting from specific cognitive distortions in susceptible people .
• Major Depressive Disorder - Typically it involves 2 or more weeks of sad mood or lack of interest in life activities