Changing places

• Place


  More than just a finite location on the map. It has physical characteristics (topography, landforms) and human characteristics (land use, built environment). It also has flows in and out (people, money, ideas, resources) that shape the sense of place - the emotional attachment or meaning of the place for individuals or groups.
• Perception of place


  The way in which place is viewed or regarded by people, influenced by personal experience and media representation.
• Perception of place is dynamic and can change over time for individuals and groups.
• Aspects of place that can change over time

  • Physical characteristics
  • Human characteristics
  • Flows in and out
  • Sense of place
• Identity


  How place impacts one's sense of who they are
• Belonging

  How place impacts one's feeling of being part of a community
• Well-being


  How place impacts one's state of feeling happy, healthy and comfortable
• Scales of identity

  • Local
  • Regional
  • National
• Insider


  Someone who is very familiar with a place and feels welcome and like they belong there
• Outsider


  Someone who feels unwelcome or excluded from a place
• Migrants may see themselves as contemporary residents rather than permanent, due to factors like lack of voting rights, inability to claim benefits/work/hold passport, language barriers, feeling homesick, misunderstood or not fitting in with societal norms.
• Positionality

  Factors like age, gender, race, ethnicity that affect how one perceives places
• Near places

  Places that are geographically close
• Far places


  Places that are geographically distant
• Globalization has altered perceptions of near and far places through improved travel, information technology, internet connectivity, and global companies making distant places feel more similar to home.
• Placelessness


  The feeling that everywhere looks or feels the same, due to the prevalence of chain stores and brands
• Paris syndrome


  A temporary disorder experienced by some visitors to Paris, where the reality does not match their idealized perception of the city from media representations.
• Experienced places


  Places where one has actually spent time
• Media places


  Places one has only seen or read about through media
• Endogenous factors


  Internal factors that shape a place's character, such as demographics, physical geography, human and physical features
• Exogenous factors


  External factors that shape a place's character, such as relative location, tourism flows, investment, migration
• Globalization


  The growing interdependence of countries worldwide through increased movement and exchanges of people, goods, services, money, technology and ideas
• Deindustrialization, the removal or reduction of industrial activity, can impact a place through shifting flows of people, money, and resources leaving the area.
• Globalization


  The growing interdependence of countries worldwide through increased movement and exchanges of people, goods, services, money, technology, and ideas
• Shifting flows


  Things coming in and out of place, such as people, money, resources, ideas
• Deindustrialization


  The removal or reduction of industrial activity
• Deindustrialization


  Drives workers away, reduces migrant workers, causes money and investment to move out of the area, reduces raw materials and manufactured goods
• Deindustrialization


  Changes the economic structure, causes unemployment and underemployment, leads to a decline in services and leisure facilities, increases deprivation
• Multiplier effect


  The idea that if one bad thing happens, it contributes to another, and so on
• Multinational corporations


  Huge companies that provide significant investment to an area
• Multinational corporations

  Impact demographics (growth in population), social investment (reduces deprivation), and economics (likely to experience the multiplier effect)
• Cadbury's influence on Birmingham

  • Provided cottages and homes to house workers, focused on quality of life and the garden city movement, still a popular area today
• Meaning of place

  Individual and collective perception of place
• Representation of place


  How a place is seen or portrayed in society
• Rebranding of Amsterdam


  • Aimed to celebrate attractions and physical geography to attract more visitors
• Lerwick is the most northerly town in the UK, located on the Atlantic Ocean
• Human characteristics of Lerwick

  • No motorway or highway, fishing industry, ferry connections, high residential land use, opportunities for tourism
• Physical characteristics of Lerwick

  • Bay and headlands, rural surroundings, hills and loch to the west, heath and rock outcrops
• Internal factors in Lerwick

  Traditional fishing industry has changed, became a prosperous fishing village, associated with fish processing industry, tourism (bird watching, old town)
• External factors in Lerwick

  Norse history, oil discovery in 1970s, housing estates for increased workers, foreign ships using the port