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MED3ATA Cancer Module
Lesson 1 Classification, Diagnosis, Imaging
L1.2 Imaging
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Cards (6)
Imaging
Detects
abnormal
density/
metabolism
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Computerised (Axial) Tomography, CAT or CT
Fine
streams of X-rays from many angles: visualise
anatomical
details within "slice"
3D
images
X-rays damage DNA:
mutations
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (
MRI
)
Detects the density of
protons
(like NMR)
Magnetic field aligns the "
spins
" of protons. When they "relax", protons emit
radiation
: detected and measured
Proton density varies with the type of
tissue
:
contrast
Often used to examine
soft
tissues
Can assess
blood flow
, detect tumours, evaluate infections, and investigate injuries to bones and
joints
Noisy
, confining,
expensive
($2m)
Probably relatively
safe
: no
ionising
radiation
View source
Positron Emission Tomography (
PET
)
Images
tissue
function (not
density
)
Sugars (usually) are labelled with
radioactive
tracers then introduced into the body
Cells take up variable amounts of
sugar
, depending on
metabolism.
Tumour > normal
PET scanner detects
radiation
given off by the
sugar
View source
PET
Lymph node
metastases
Bone
metastases in
spine
and pelvis
View source
Combined imaging
Function
and
density
View source
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