Health and Illness

Cards (29)

  • Health
    • is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
  • Wellness
    • is an integrated method of functioning that is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable
    • optimal state of health of individuals and groups expressed as a positive approach to living
  • Illness
    • is a state in which someone’s needs are not sufficiently met to allow the individual to have a sense of physical and psychosocial well-being
    • reasonably serious disease with incapacitating effects that make it undesirable
    • is a condition that is undesirable because of its negative attributes
  • Dimensions of health:
    • physical health
    • emotional health
    • intellectual health
    • spiritual health
    • socio-cultural health
    • occupational safety and health
  • Physical health
    • genetic make-up, age, developmental level, race, and sex are all part and strongly influence health status and health processes
  • Emotional health
    • refers to the way the mind and body interacts to affect body function and respond to body conditions also influence health
  • Intellectual health
    • encompasses cognitive abilities, educational background and past experiences
    • influence a patient’s responses to teaching about health and reactions to healthcare during illness
    • also play a major role in health behaviors
  • Spiritual health
    • spiritual and religious beliefs and values are important components of a person’s behavior regarding health and illness
  • Socio-cultural health
    • health practices and beliefs are strongly influenced by a person’s economic level, lifestyle, family and culture
  • Occupational safety and health
    • is the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical and social well-being of workers in all occupations
    • it calls for the prevention of any impairment in the health and well-being of workers caused by their working conditions or work environment
  • Medical Model (M.B Belloc and Breslow – 1972)
    • Health is the state of being free of signs or symptoms of disease. Illness is the presence of signs and symptoms of disease
  • Health illness continuum (McCann/Flynn and Heffron - 1984)
    • Health is a constantly changing state with high levels of wellness and death being on opposite ends of a graduated scale or continuum
  • Role performance model (Parsons 1958)
    • Health is the ability to perform all those roles from which one has socialized
  • High-level wellness (Halbert Dunn 1961)
    • refers to functioning to one’s maximum potential while maintaining balance and purposeful direction in the environment
    • described as functioning to the maximal possible level of one’s ability within one’s environment
  • World health organization (1947)
    • Health is the state of complete physical, mental, and social being and not merely the absence of a disease or infirmity
  • Wellness education model (John Travis)
    • is a wellness-oriented physician who focused his approach on a concept of wellness education
  • Holistic model of healthcare
    • The concept of holism is based on the idea that it is more fruitful to study the human being as a whole than to study its separate parts
  • Needs-fulfillment model
    • Health is the state in which needs are being sufficiently met to allow an individual to function successfully in life with the ability to achieve the highest possible potential
  • Stages of illness behaviors:
    1. experience symptoms
    2. assumption of the sick role
    3. medical care contact
    4. dependent client role
    5. recovery and rehabilitation
  • Experience symptoms
    • person is aware that “something is wrong”
    • person usually recognizes a physical sensation or a limitation in functioning but does not suspect a specific diagnosis
  • Assumption of the sick role
    • if symptoms persist and become severe, clients assume the sick role
    • illness becomes a social phenomenon, and sick people seek confirmation from their families and social groups that they are indeed ill
  • Medical care contact
    • if symptoms persist despite the home remedies, become severe, or require emergency care, the person is motivated to seek professional health services
    • client seeks expert acknowledgement of the illness as well as the treatment
  • Dependent client role
    • client depends on healthcare professionals for the relief of symptoms
    • client accepts care, sympathy, and protection from the demands and stresses of life
    • client can adopt the dependent role in a healthcare institution, at home, or in a community setting
  • Recovery and rehabilitation
    • the final stage may involve an adjustment to a prolonged reduction in health and functioning
    • the final stage may involve an adjustment to a prolonged reduction in health and functioning
    • this stage describes two conditions, namely convalescence and rehabilitation.
  • Convalescence
    is the period of recovery following illness
  • Primary prevention
    • most desirable form of prevention
    • it is the provision of specific protection against disease
    • spare the client the cost, discomfort, and threat to the quality of life that illness poses or, at least delay the onset of illness
    • consist of counseling, education, and adoption of specific health practices or lifestyle changes
  • Secondary prevention
    • consists of organized, direct screening efforts or education of the public to promote early case finding of an individual with disease so that prompt intervention can be instituted to halt pathologic processes and limit disability
    • early diagnosis of a health problem
  • Tertiary prevention
    • It begins early in the period of recovery from illness
    • Continuing health supervision during rehabilitation to restore an individual to an optimal level of functioning
    • Minimizing residual disability and helping clients learn to live productively with limitations
  • Rehabilitation
    is the restoration of the functioning to maximal self-sufficiency