is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Wellness
is an integrated method of functioning that is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable
optimal state of health of individuals and groups expressed as a positive approach to living
Illness
is a state in which someone’s needs are not sufficiently met to allow the individual to have a sense of physical and psychosocial well-being
reasonably serious disease with incapacitating effects that make it undesirable
is a condition that is undesirable because of its negative attributes
Dimensions of health:
physical health
emotional health
intellectual health
spiritual health
socio-cultural health
occupational safety and health
Physical health
genetic make-up, age, developmental level, race, and sex are all part and strongly influence health status and health processes
Emotional health
refers to the way the mind and body interacts to affect body function and respond to body conditions also influence health
Intellectual health
encompasses cognitive abilities, educational background and past experiences
influence a patient’s responses to teaching about health and reactions to healthcare during illness
also play a major role in health behaviors
Spiritual health
spiritual and religious beliefs and values are important components of a person’s behavior regarding health and illness
Socio-cultural health
health practices and beliefs are strongly influenced by a person’s economic level, lifestyle, family and culture
Occupational safety and health
is the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical and social well-being of workers in all occupations
it calls for the prevention of any impairment in the health and well-being of workers caused by their working conditions or work environment
Medical Model (M.B Belloc and Breslow – 1972)
Health is the state of being free of signs or symptoms of disease. Illness is the presence of signs and symptoms of disease
Health illness continuum (McCann/Flynn and Heffron - 1984)
Health is a constantly changing state with high levels of wellness and death being on opposite ends of a graduated scale or continuum
Role performance model (Parsons 1958)
Health is the ability to perform all those roles from which one has socialized
High-level wellness (Halbert Dunn 1961)
refers to functioning to one’s maximum potential while maintaining balance and purposeful direction in the environment
described as functioning to the maximal possible level of one’s ability within one’s environment
World health organization (1947)
Health is the state of complete physical, mental, and social being and not merely the absence of a disease or infirmity
Wellness education model (John Travis)
is a wellness-oriented physician who focused his approach on a concept of wellness education
Holistic model of healthcare
The concept of holism is based on the idea that it is more fruitful to study the human being as a whole than to study its separate parts
Needs-fulfillment model
Health is the state in which needs are being sufficiently met to allow an individual to function successfully in life with the ability to achieve the highest possible potential
Stages of illness behaviors:
experience symptoms
assumption of the sick role
medical care contact
dependent client role
recovery and rehabilitation
Experience symptoms
person is aware that “something is wrong”
person usually recognizes a physical sensation or a limitation in functioning but does not suspect a specific diagnosis
Assumption of the sick role
if symptoms persist and become severe, clients assume the sick role
illness becomes a social phenomenon, and sick people seek confirmation from their families and social groups that they are indeed ill
Medical care contact
if symptoms persist despite the home remedies, become severe, or require emergency care, the person is motivated to seek professional health services
client seeks expert acknowledgement of the illness as well as the treatment
Dependent client role
client depends on healthcare professionals for the relief of symptoms
client accepts care, sympathy, and protection from the demands and stresses of life
client can adopt the dependent role in a healthcare institution, at home, or in a community setting
Recovery and rehabilitation
the final stage may involve an adjustment to a prolonged reduction in health and functioning
the final stage may involve an adjustment to a prolonged reduction in health and functioning
this stage describes two conditions, namely convalescence and rehabilitation.
Convalescence
is the period of recovery following illness
Primary prevention
most desirable form of prevention
it is the provision of specific protection against disease
spare the client the cost, discomfort, and threat to the quality of life that illness poses or, at least delay the onset of illness
consist of counseling, education, and adoption of specific health practices or lifestyle changes
Secondary prevention
consists of organized, direct screening efforts or education of the public to promote early case finding of an individual with disease so that prompt intervention can be instituted to halt pathologic processes and limit disability
early diagnosis of a health problem
Tertiary prevention
It begins early in the period of recovery from illness
Continuing health supervision during rehabilitation to restore an individual to an optimal level of functioning
Minimizing residual disability and helping clients learn to live productively with limitations
Rehabilitation
is the restoration of the functioning to maximal self-sufficiency