TOPIC 4

• Where does dynamic equilibrium occur?

  Closed system
• Def of dynamic equilibrium-

  Forward and backward reaction are happening at the same time and rate
• Metals in reactivity series - top is most reactive

  Potassium

  Sodium

  Lithium

  Calcium

  Iron

  Silver

  Gold
• Metals in reactivity series acronym

  Please Sir Let Collin Ionise Six Gerbils
• OILRIG

  Oxidation is LOSS

  Reduction is GAIN

  
  

  (of electrons)
• Displacement reaction is where

  A more reactive metal replaces a less reactive metal within a compound
• What are the 2 extraction methods for low grade ores?

  Bioleaching using bacteria

  Phytoextraction using plants
• why do we extract metal from low grade ores?

  because high grade metal ores are becoming scarce
• What do bioleaching and phytoextraction allow us to do?

  economically extract metals
• explain bioleaching steps.


  Bacteria mixed with low grade ores

  Bacteria produces a leachate

  Leachate contains a metal compound

  Metal is extracted from metal compound
• explain phytoextraction steps.


  Plants are grown on land containing metals

  Plants absorb metal, and concentrate metal compound in tissue

  Plants then harvested + burnt - ash containing compound

  Metal is extracted from metal compound