Henry tried furthering peaceful relations with them to pressure Charles V into accepting annulment but failed once Francis I allied with him: 1538 Treaty of Nice and 1539 Pact of Toledo. As a result, Henry was isolated. This led him to pursue an Anglo-German Protestant alliance, which became unnecessary once FR-HRE broke down. 1544 he was able to capture Boulogne, help from Charles V. After Henry's Rough Wooing of Scotland, French troops supported them in invading England 1545, though ended with peaceful relations in 1546 as neither could afford to continue conflict.