Quarter 1

• Force


  Any push or pull
• Types of Force

  • Applied Force
  • Gravitational Force
  • Normal Force
  • Elastic Force
  • Tension Force
  • Frictional Force
• Applied Force


  Force that is applied on an object through direct pushing or pulling
• Gravitational Force


  Force exerted by gravity; also known as weight; mass times gravity
• Normal Force


  Force that is perpendicular to the surface of an object is in contact with; if there's no surface in contact, then there's no normal force
• Elastic Force


  Force present in springs
• Tension Force


  Force that is present in cables, strings, cords, and other similar materials
• Frictional Force


  Force that impedes motion
• Newton's First Law of Motion


  A body at rest will continue to be at rest, and a body in constant motion will continue to be in constant motion along a straight line unless acted on by a net external force
• Inertia


  The tendency of a body to resist any change in its motion
• Normal Force


  A force that exists whenever an object is in contact with a surface. It is always perpendicular to the surface the object is in contact with
• Gravitational Force


  The downward force acting on the object
• Newton's Second Law of Motion

  Acceleration is directly proportional to the force and is inversely proportional to the mass
• Newton's Third Law of Motion


  Every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
• Displacement


  How far an object is from where it started
• Work


  The product of the force and displacement in the direction of the force
• Power


  The rate of doing work. It is how fast work is accomplished in a certain unit of time
• Energy


  The ability to do work
• Potential Energy


  Energy possessed by an object by virtue of its position. Its common form is gravitational potential energy or GPE
• Kinetic Energy


  Energy present in moving objects. This means that whether an object is accelerating or in constant motion, as long as it moves, then it has kinetic energy
• The Law of Conservation Of Energy states that energy is neither created nor destroyed but if converted from one form to another
• Sound


  Produced by vibrations, wave that carries energy from one place to another
• Wave


  Any form of disturbance that carries energy from one place to another
• Types of Waves

  • Transverse
  • Longitudinal
  • Surface
• Sound is an example of longitudinal wave
• Compression


  The part of the wave where molecules are compressed or where there are shorter wavelengths
• Rarefaction


  The part of the wave where molecules are spread out or stretched
• Wavelength


  Measured from an area of compression to the next area of compression or from an area of rarefaction to the next area of rarefaction
• Light


  An electromagnetic wave that can travel even without a medium. It is also an example of transverse wave, which means that it moves perpendicular to the direction of its propagation
• Properties of Light

  • Reflection
  • Refraction
  • Diffraction
  • Polarization
• Reflection


  The property of a wave that refers to the bouncing back of waves
• Refraction


  The bending of light when it passes through different media
• Diffraction


  The bending of a wave when it passes through a gap or around edges
• Polarization


  The property of a light wave that allows an unpolarized light to vibrate or to focus in one direction or on a single plane
• Temperature


  The average kinetic energy of a system
• Heat


  Energy in transit
• Phase Changes

  • Melting (solid to liquid)
  • Evaporation (liquid to gas)
  • Condensation (gas to liquid)
  • Freezing (liquid to solid)
• Types of Electromagnetic Waves

  • Radio waves
  • Microwave
  • Infrared
  • Visible Light
  • Ultraviolet ray
  • X-ray
  • Gamma ray