EAPP

• Position paper

  An essay that expresses a position about an issue. It gives arguments that support the opinion of the writer based on the facts collected.
• Elements of a position paper

  • Introduction - Identifies the issue and the author's position
  • Body - Illustrates the central argument with details, point of view, and evidence
  • Conclusion - Restates the main points, summarizes the arguments, and provides a call to action
• Manifesto

  A document publicly declaring the position or program of its issuer. It advances a set of ideas, opinions, or views, and can also lay out a plan of action.
• Manifestos are written in the name of a group sharing a common (perspective) (ideology) or (purpose)
• Manifestos combine a societal critique with an inaugural and inspirational declaration of change.
• Manifestos are often authored by social activists and usually linked to new ideas.
• Persuasion

  Writing that appeals to readers' emotions to make them believe something or take specific action. Can also use logic and evidence.
• Steps in Persuasive Writing

  1. State your opinion and introduce your argument

  2. Give your reasons for your opinion

  3. Illustrate with examples to support your opinion

  4. Restate your opinion and your suggested solution
• Argumentation

  Writing that relies on logic and evidence to build a case for a specific claim, de-emphasizing appeals to emotion.
• Steps in Argumentative Writing

  1. Make a claim

  2. Support your claim with reasons/evidence

  3. Acknowledge and refute counterarguments
• Two types of convincing writing

  • Persuasion
  • Argumentation
• When analysing markets, a range of assumptions are made about the rationality of economic agents involved in the transactions
• The Wealth of Nations was written

  1776
• Rational

  (in classical economic theory) economic agents are able to consider the outcome of their choices and recognise the net benefits of each one
• Rational agents will select the choice which presents the highest benefits
• Producers act rationally by

  Selling goods/services in a way that maximises their profits
• Workers act rationally by

  Balancing welfare at work with consideration of both pay and benefits
• Governments act rationally by

  Placing the interests of the people they serve first in order to maximise their welfare
• Rationality in classical economic theory is a flawed assumption as people usually don't act rationally
• A firm increases advertising

  Demand curve shifts right
• Marginal utility

  The additional utility (satisfaction) gained from the consumption of an additional product
• If you add up marginal utility for each unit you get ( total utility )
• Parts of a report

  • References
  • Appendices
• Before writing the report what should the writer do?

  Consider the audience of the report
• Writing the report requires the following:

  • Make a catchy Introduction
  • Make recommendations
• School Form 9 (Report Card)

  • Purpose: To report on a student's academic performance
  • Structure: Includes the student's grades, attendance, and teacher comments

  
• Business Report

  • Purpose: To provide information and analysis on a business topic
  • Structure: Includes an introduction, methodology, findings, conclusions, and recommendations
• Data


  A collection of facts, such as values or measurements, observation or even just descriptions of things
• Primary data


  Data that you have collected yourself or the data collected at source or the data originally collected by individuals, focus groups, and a panel of respondents specifically set up by the researcher
• Secondary data


  Existing data for which they were originally collected, for example, computerized database, company records or archives, government publications, industry analysis offered by the media, information system and computerized or mathematical models of environmental processes
• Types of data


  • Quantitative data
  • Qualitative data
• Quantitative data


  Information that is collected as, or can be translated into, numbers, which can then be displayed and analyzed mathematically
• Qualitative data


  Data that is mainly words, sounds or Images. Unlike numbers or "hard data", qualitative information tends to be "soft," meaning it can't always be reduced to something definite
• Summarizing findings


  1. Tally marks

  2. Frequency table

  3. Tables

  4. Charts

  5. Pictograph

  6. Bar graph

  7. Pie graph
• Tally marks are often used to make a frequency distribution table
• Frequency distribution table


  • Number of Gadgets
  • Tally
  • Frequency
• Pictograph


  • Month
  • Computers Sold
• Report


  A written document that presents information in an organized way
• Steps for writing a report

  • Decide on the 'Terms of reference'
  • Decide on the procedure
  • Find the information
  • Decide on the structure
  • Draft the first part of your report
  • Analyze your findings and draw conclusions
  • Make recommendations
  • Draft the executive summary and table of contents
  • Compile a reference list
  • Revise your draft report
• Terms of reference


  • What is the report about, what is needed, why is it needed, when is it needed, who is it for