SCIENCE Q4 LT 2

• Season


  The period of the year that is usually characterized by a particular kind of weather
• Two Kinds of Season

  • Wet Season
  • Dry Season
• Wet Season


  • Characterized by a pronounced rainy season with thunderstorms
  • Starts from June- October
  • During the wet season, the air is still hot and humid, which brings heavy rain and typhoons to the country
• Precipitation (Rain)


  Highest in the area where the southwest monsoon strikes
• Dry Season


  • Characterized by hot and cloudless days
  • Between January and May, the climate is generally dry with occasional rain showers
  • During Jan- Feb, the air is cold and dry
  • The peak of the dry season is in April with fewer rain showers
  • Influenced by seasonal wind and northeast monsoon amihan
  • The northeast breeze from Siberia and northern China is cool and dry, which brings cloudy days
• Philippine Climate- warm and humid year-round. It is considered to be one of the healthiest tropical climates.

  Factors Affecting the Season of the Philippines

  ·        Location of the Philippines- the Philippines is located a little north of the Equator

  Prevailing Winds- wind blows mostly from a single direction
• Monsoon- are seasonal winds blowing over large areas of the country

  Southwest Monsoon Habagat- The prevailing wind is warm and moist. It blows from the southwest portion of the country and brings moderate to heavy rains that blows from the West Philippine Sea along the western section of the Philippines. It blows from Australia from July-September

  Typhoons- tend to enhance Hanging Habagat resulting in several days of heavy rains across the places of the country

  Northeast Monsoon Amihan- it brings dry season to the Philippines. Blows from Siberia during the months of Nov-Feb. Bring cold temp
• Sea Breeze- during daytime, warm air over land rises to the atmosphere. Cooler air, which remains low in the atmosphere, from the sea and other bodies of water moves in to fill up the space left by the warm air
• Land Breeze- at night, the opposite happens. It takes a longer time for water to cool down or release heat. The air over bodies of water stays warmer. As warm air from the seas rises, the cooler air from the land surface moves in to take its place
• NOTE: The Earth moves counter clockwise direction

  Rotation- movement of the Earth on its own axis. It rotates in west-east. It is defined as 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4.2 seconds.

  Axis- imaginary line that extends from the north pole to south pole

  Revolution- movement of the Earth around the sun. It takes 365 and ¼ days to revolve around the Sun

  Orbit- imaginary path around the sun. It is elliptical

  Leap Year- has 366 days. An additional day in the month of February. Happy every 4 years

  Aphelion – farthest point from the Sun

  Perihelion- nearest point from the Sun
• The Earth is tilted 23 degrees
• During June, July, Aug


  The Northern Hemisphere is facing the sun while the Southern Hemisphere is away from the Sun
• Summer starts in NH, Winter starts in SH


  June 21/22
• Summer Solstice


  NH experiences its longest daylight period while SH experiences shortest digit
• Sept, Oct, Nov


  The axis of the NH & SH move sideways. Both receives not too much or too little energy from the sun
• Daytime and nighttime has equal length. It is called Autumnal Equinox


  Sept 23
• Jan, Feb, Dec


  Northpole is facing away from the sun while the Southpole is facing the sun
• NH winter, SH summer, NH shortest daylight, SH longest daylight

  Dec 21/22
• March, April, May


  Both hemisphere receive equal amount of solar energy. North- spring, South- autumn
• Length day & night is equal

  Spring Equinox
• Four Seasons


  • Spring
  • Summer
  • Fall
  • Winter
• Spring


  Weather gets warmer after winter. This season comes before summer
• Summer


  Characterized by warm weather. This season comes after spring and before autumn/fall
• Fall


  Also called autumn in European countries. Marks the transition from summer to winter
• Winter


  Coldest season of the year. The axis tilts away from the sun
• Solar System


  Collective name for the sun together with groups of celestial or heavenly bodies
• Sun


  A huge ball of hot gasses with a temp of 15million degree celcius at the center and 5k degree celcius at the surface. Center of the solar system. Largest object but is only a middle sized yellow star
• Comets


  Made up of dust and rock particles mixed with frozen water, methane, and ammonia. Also revolves around the sun
• Parts of Comets


  • Nucleus
  • Coma
  • Dust tail
  • Ion tail
• Meteoroids


  Pieces of dust and rocks that break from comet's nucleus
• Meteors


  Burning rocks that enter the Earth's surface
• Meteor Shower


  When more meteors are seen in the atmosphere
• Meteorites


  Meteor or meteoroids that reaches the earth's surface
• Asteroids


  Also known as planetoids. These are small pieces of rocks and metals that orbit around the sun between Mars & Jupiter
• Dwarf Planets


  Were too small to be considered as planets. Example: Ceres and Pluto
• How are Planets Formed?

  1. Nebular Theory - the sun and planets formed from a rotating disk of dust and gasses

  2. Nebula - cloud of gas and dust in space
• Terrestrial Planets/ Inner Planets


  Planets with rocky surfaces and metal cores
• Mercury


  Nearest planet to the sun. Its surface has many craters because it has no atmosphere. It is the smallest planet
• Venus


  Second closest planet from the sun. Also known as the morning and evening planet. It is considered as twin planet of Earth. It is the hottest plant made up of Co2. First planet to be studied in 1962
• Earth


  Third planet from the sun. Known as the living planet. The moon ancient name is Luna