GAD

• Sex


  Biological label, "male or female" based on genital one has born with, and the chromosomes one have
• Gender


  Socially constructed characteristics of women and men, such as norms, roles and relationships of and between groups of women and men. It varies from society to society, and can be changed.
• Gender Identity


  How one feel inside and how he or she expresses those feelings. Clothing, appearance and behaviors can be ways of expressing one's gender identity.
• Gender Identities

  • Cisgender
  • Transgender
  • Transsexual
• Sexual Orientation


  A person's preference for sexual relationships with individuals of the other sex (heterosexuality), one's own sex (homosexuality), or both sexes (bisexuality)
• Sexual Orientations

  • Heterosexual
  • Homosexual
  • Lesbian
  • Bisexual
  • Pansexual
  • Polysexual
  • Monosexual
  • Androsexual
  • Gynosexual
  • Questioning
  • Asexual
  • Queer
• Transgender female


  Whose gender expression is masculine; identified as "butch" (masculine woman)
• Transgender male


  Has feminine gender expression with high-pitched voice; identified as "queens"
• Ally


  A supporter of the LGBT+ community that does not identify as LGBT+
• Gender Roles


  The different patterns of behavior, rights and responsibilities expected of men and women in a society
• Gender Roles in the Philippines

  • Men as breadwinners, women as homemakers
  • Men's world is the harsh, heartless jungle, women's world is the home and caring for family
• Gender Roles in other Cultures

  • Arapesh - both men and women are passive, gentle and home-loving
  • Mundugumor - both sexes show masculine traits, competitive, aggressive and violent
  • Tchambuli - men are passive, emotional and dependent, women are the economic providers
• Stereotype


  A fixed, over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people
• Common Men Stereotypes


  • Tough and powerful
  • Unfeeling and insensitive
  • Logical, sensible and rational
  • Afraid to commit in a relationship and form an attachment
  • Primarily interested in their careers or vocations
  • Do not have a primary interest in marriage and parenthood
• Common Women Stereotypes


  • Helpless and childish
  • Scatterbrained, unstable and irrational
  • Sensitive and intuitive
  • Easily form deep emotional attachments
  • Do not have a primary interest in their careers or vocations
  • Primarily interested in a long term relationship and parenthood
• CEDAW requires states to modify or transform "harmful gender stereotypes" and "eliminate wrongful gender stereotyping"
• CEDAW Obligations to eliminate stereotyping

  • Revising text books
  • Ensuring teachers receive gender training
  • Implementing programs to encourage girls to pursue education and employment in non-traditional fields
  • Undertaking public information and education programs to change attitudes concerning the roles and status of men and women
  • Taking measures to train public officials and the judiciary to ensure that stereotypical prejudices and values do not affect decision-making
  • Emphasizing through awareness raising activities the importance of women's participation in decision making roles
  • Adopting measures, including temporary special measures, to eliminate occupational segregation based on gender stereotypes
  • Adopting positive measures to expose and modify harmful genders stereotypes within the health sector
• Gender Equality


  Equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities that all persons should enjoy regardless of whether one is born male or female
• Gender Equity


  The state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations and needs equally, regardless of gender
• Gender Equality in the Workplace

  • Equal access to resources and opportunities
  • Equal economic participation and decision-making
  • Equal valuing of different behaviors, aspirations and needs
• Gender Equality


  A state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making, and the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations and needs equally, regardless of gender
• Elements of gender equality in the workplace

  • Equality of opportunity and treatment in employment
  • Equal remuneration for work of equal value
  • Equal access to safe and healthy working environments and to social security
  • Equality in association and collective bargaining
  • Equality in obtaining meaningful career development
  • A balance between work and home life that is fair to both women and men
  • Equal participation in decision-making at all levels
• Egalitarian Feminism


  A belief that emphasizes sexual equality by insisting that men and women be treated exactly alike
• Protectionist Feminism


  Emphasizes the biological differences between the sexes by insisting that men and women be treated exactly alike (e.g. prenatal care, maternity leave, and child-care services)
• Gender Equity


  The process of allocating resources, programs and decision making fairly to both males and females without any discrimination on the basis of sex, age, and addressing any imbalances in the benefits available to males and females
• Gender Equity


  Women and men should not be only given equal access to resources and opportunities, but they should be given the means of benefiting from this equality
• Benefits of Gender Equity


  • Treat everyone fairly involved in the organization
  • Improve productivity and economic performance
  • Men and women learn to build equal partnerships
  • Enhance recruitment and retention of the occupation
  • Women and men able to do their best work and be rewarded on merit
  • Encourage men and women to participate actively in the work force
• Gender Diversity


  An equal ratio of men and women and frequently in the news you will read stories about gender diversity in corporate boardrooms and other areas traditionally dominated by men
• Gender Sensitivity


  The way service providers treat male or female clients in service delivery facilities and thus affects client willingness to seek services, continue to use services, and carry out the health behaviors advocated by the services
• Sexism in Language


  The use of language, which devalues members of one sex, almost invariably women, and thus fosters gender inequality. It discriminates against women by rendering them invisible or trivializing them at the same time that it perpetuates notions of male supremacy
• Language articulates consciousness, reflects culture, and affects socialization
• Guidelines on Gender-Fair Language

  • Avoid attaching sexist terms when the gender is unknown
  • Avoid Sexism
  • Avoid Demeaning Words
  • Avoid Stereotyping
  • Avoid Verbal Abuse
• What to do to become a non-sexist speaker and writer

  • Avoid using "man" to refer to a human being
  • Use "man" correctly
  • Use pronouns correctly
  • Avoid sexism by endings and implication
  • Define women by who they are, not by who their fathers are
• Heterosexual - attraction to a gender different from their own (e.g. male attracted to female).
• Homosexual - attraction to a gender similar to their own (e.g. male attracted to male)
• Bisexual - attraction to both genders.
• Transgender - people whose gender identity does not match with their biological sex assigned at birth.
• Transgender - people whose sense of personal identity and gender does not match with their birth sex.
• Gay - term used to describe men who have sexual relationships with other men.
• Lesbian - refers to a woman who has sexual relations with another woman.