English

• aggression (n): hostile behavior intended to harm someone or something
• affective (adj): relating to emotions, feelings, or moods
• Research


  An organized and systematic way of finding answers to questions. A piece of academic writing that provides analysis, interpretation, and argument based on in-depth independent research.
• Research paper


  A piece of academic writing that provides analysis, interpretation, and argument based on in-depth independent research.
• Abstract


  The short summary of the completed research, and it is the next part after the title and abstract.
• Introduction


  The first part of a research paper.
• Review of related literature

  Provides an overview of sources you have explored, including books, scholarly articles, and other sources relevant to a particular theme or area of research. Offers theory to demonstrate to your readers how your research fits within a larger field of study.
• Hypothesis


  A statement of expectation or prediction that will be tested by research.
• Methodology


  A systematic method to resolve a research problem through data gathering using various techniques, providing an interpretation of data gathered, and drawing conclusions throughout the research data.
• Population


  The entire group you want to draw conclusions about.
• Sample


  The smaller part or subgroup of the population.
• Variables


  Any factor or trait, condition that can be manipulated, controlled for, or measured in an experiment.
• Independent variable


  The variable in the experiment that is not influenced by any other variables.
• Dependent variable

  The variable that responds to the changes.
• Research instrument


  Any tool that you may use to collect or obtain data, measure data, and analyze data that is relevant to the subject of your research, such as questionnaires, surveys, interviews, checklists, or simple tests.
• Questionnaires

  The main instrument for collecting data in survey research.
• Data

  Any information that has been collected, observed, generated, or created to validate original research findings.
• Results

  The section of the research paper where the authors provide the data collected during their study.
• Discussion

  The part of the research paper where purposes to interpret, describe, and argue significance of your findings in light of what was already known about the research problem being investigated.
• Conclusion

  Intended to help readers understand why your research paper should matter to them after they have finished reading it.
• Reference

  The last page of the research paper that lists all the sources you used in your study.
• Appendix

  Serves as a space for materials that help clarify your research but do not belong in the main text.
• Technical and operational definitions

  An alphabetical list of important terms, acronyms, or jargons used in the research study, terminologies only understood by people in a certain group, and difficult for others to understand.
• Definition of terms

  An alphabetical list of important terms, acronyms, or jargons used in the research study, terminologies only understood by people in a certain group, and difficult for others to understand.
• Medical jargons

  • Idiopathic
  • Tachycardia
• Business jargons

  • Scalable
  • Sweat equity
• Police jargons

  • Code of conduct
  • Wolf pack
• Dictionary meaning


  A manner by which something is built or organized.
• Engineering


  • Configuration of steel beams that serves as a foundation to a building.
• Linguistics

  • Arrangement of words.
• Technical definition


  The universal meaning of the term, definition that comes from different reference materials such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, books, journals, and even websites.
• Operational definition


  How the term is applied or used in research, refers to a specific definition of a research study concept. The researcher is the one who formulates the meaning of the term.
• Grammar


  The system of mingling the words, use simple present tense of the verb after the term, the verb must agree with the subject, the noun and the term being defined must agree in number, be specific about the class, use the same part of speech for the class as the term being defined, whenever possible, don't use the same wordings for the term and the class or distinguishable characteristics, make sure there is enough information in the adjective clause to distinguish other members of the class, the distinguishing characteristics may be introduced in several ways using relative pronouns (that, wherein, whose, what, which, when, who, where, whoever, by which), using past participle (formed with the -ed, -d, -en form of the verb), using present participle phrase (formed with the -ing form of the verb), using infinitive phrase (to + verb), rules of reducing adjective clauses, etc.
• Guidelines for defining terms

  Research as the verb, words, letters, and measurement (data, analysis, metrics), define terms technically, operationally, or both, use dictionaries, books, articles, or other sources for technical definitions, ensure consistency, include whether the meaning is specific or general, definition should be clear, short, clear, and unambiguous, should be included in the "Definition of Terms" section.
• Expanded definition


  A one or more paragraphs that attempt to explain a complex term.
• Full definition


  For example, carbohydrates are a food group including sugars, starches, and cellulose.