Evolution

• UNCHANGING species - Species are static and unchanging
• Creationism states that If it is designed by god, it is perfect
• CHANGING species is Different geographic regions have different animals and plant populations even if they have similar environments. Geological processes operating like they are today over long periods of time
• Gradualism is a geological processes operating like they are today over long periods of time
• Inheritance of acquired traits is the environment causes changes in an individual
• Theory of Natural Selection known as the Survival of the Fittest, Mechanism for evolution (also independently discovered by Wallace), and Occurs at a population level
• Darwin did not mean that humans came from monkeys, but humans share the same common ancestor together with monkeys
• Patterns and Processes - Natural selection takes place with variation

  Variation is the genetic basis for evolution; Traits that can help an individual survive is adaptation
• Divergent evolution gives rise to organisms that are tremendously different from each other
• Convergent evolution gives rise to organisms that are from far relatives, but look the same
• Fossil Records are past records of life that can be different from life today. Found in sedimentary rocks, amber (tuyong dagta), old ice
• Comparative Anatomy are Anatomical features which provide clues on shared common ancestry. The Presence of structures in organisms that share the same basic form (homologous structures)

  Structures different in form but same in function (analogous structure)
• Vestigial structures - Residual parts from a common ancestor like the appendix
• Embryology - Some parts are present in the embryonic stage that later disappear in the organism; Similar patterns are seen in vertebrate
• Biogeography - Provides an explanation for species distribution of organisms today. Tectonic plate movement influences island isolation to lead to the unique diversity of life
• Molecular Diversity - DNA is found in every living organism; Suggests that every living thing has a universal common ancestor; DNA sequences shed light on mechanisms of evolution among organisms
• Georges-Louis Leclerc Comte de Buffon observed that various geographic regions have different animals and plant populations even if they have similar environments
• James Hutton is a Scottish geologist and naturalist. He also proposed that geological processes operating like they are today over long periods of time
• Charles Lyell popularized the gradualism point of view of James Hutton. He strongly influenced his friend Charles Darwin on the Theory of Natural Selection
• Jean Baptiste Lamarck proposed a mechanism on the inheritance of acquired traits. The environment causes changes in an individual. It is also known as the Theory of Use and Disuse.
• Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace independently discovered the mechanism for evolution based on their expedition observation  
• Charles Darwin is an English Naturalist. Wrote the book "On the Origin of Species"