biology 2

• Golgi Apparatus -

  They are found in all eukaryotic cells, which are involved in distributing synthesized macromolecules to various parts of the cell.
• Ribosomes -

  They are the smallest membrane-bound organelles which comprise RNA and protein. They are the sites for protein synthesis, hence, also referred to as the protein factories of the cell.
• Mitochondria -

  They are the double-membraned organelles found in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. They provide energy by breaking down carbohydrate and sugar molecules, hence they are also referred to as the “Powerhouse of the cell.”
• Lysosome -

  are called suicidal bags as they hold digestive enzymes in an enclosed membrane. They perform the function of cellular waste disposal by digesting worn-out organelles, food particles and foreign bodies in the cell. In plants, the role of lysosomes is undertaken by the vacuoles.
• Cell Wall -

  It is a rigid layer which is composed of polysaccharides cellulose, pectin and hemicellulose. It is located outside the cell membrane.
• Cell membrane -

  It is the semi-permeable membrane that is present within the cell wall. It is composed of a thin layer of protein and fat.
• Nucleus -

  is a membrane-bound structure that is present only in eukaryotic cells. The vital function of a nucleus is to store DNA or hereditary information required for cell division, metabolism and growth.
• Plastids -

  They are membrane-bound organelles that have their own DNA. They are necessary to store starch and to carry out the process of photosynthesis.
• Chloroplasts -

  It is an elongated organelle enclosed by phospholipid membrane. The chloroplast is shaped like a disc and the stroma is the fluid within the chloroplast that comprises a circular DNA
• rough endoplasmic reticulum - series of connected flattened sacs, part of a continuous membrane organelle within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that plays a central role in the synthesis of proteins.
• smooth endoplasmic reticulum - common functions are the mobilization of glucose from glycogen, calcium storage, drug detoxification, and the synthesis of lipids.
• plasmodesma - facilitate the movement of molecules between cells, ranging from small photosynthetic products to large proteins
• Peroxisomes - are specialized for carrying out oxidative reactions using molecular oxygen. 
• Cytoplasm - is the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules.