Prog

• Database


  A collection of organized data, information and records
• Structured database


  • Data conforms to a data model, has a well define structure, follows a consistent order and can be easily accessed and used by a person or a computer program
  • Usually stored in well-defined schemas such as Databases
  • Generally tabular with column and rows that clearly define its attributes
• Free-Form database


  A database system that allows entry of unstructured text without regard to length or order
• Hierarchical model


  • Data is organized into a tree-like structure
  • Parent-child relationship where a child may only have one parent, but a parent can have several other children
• Network model


  • Organized data more like a graph and can have more than one parent node
  • Flexible way of representing objects and their relationships
• Relational model


  • Data is organized in rows and column structure i.e., two-dimensional tables
  • Relationship is maintained by storing a common field
• Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)


  Software system used to maintain relational databases
• Things you can do with RDBMS

  • Create a database
  • Information storage
  • Information Retrieval
  • Information Management
  • Information analysis
  • Print and share information
• Types of Relationships

  • One-to-one
  • One-to-many
  • Many-to-many
• Characteristics of a good database

  • Accurate Information
  • Organized Information
  • Timely information
  • Verifiable Information (appropriateness)
  • Accessible Information
  • Completeness
  • Cost of Information
  • Useful Information
• Formation


  Information generated from the database program
• Cost-effective


  Costs should be low to obtain information, otherwise an organization may seek slightly less comprehensive information elsewhere
• Useful Information


  The report should have meaning to the people who get them, e.g. a grade is important to you and your parents but not to others who do not know you
• Relational Database


  • A database model conceived as a flexible way of representing objects and their relationships
• Bit


  The smallest form of data which stores binary digits 0s and 1s
• Field


  A collection of related data
• Data structure


  A well-defined structure, follows a consistent order and can be easily accessed and used by a person or a computer program
• Types of database models

  • Hierarchical database
  • Network Database
  • Relational database
• Ribbon


  It opens a dialog box or task pane that provides more options
• Record Selector


  It displays the current record number and allows you to navigate to other records
• Navigation Pane


  It shows a list of all available database objects
• Title Bar


  It shows the open program and the name of the open file
• Each record is made up of fields
• MS Access is a DBMS where data is organized as a collection of tables
• MS Access can store thousands of data
• Access offers a wide range of options to simplify the database creation process
• A database is a collection of related tables or information that can be organized in many ways
• A table is a collection of fields
• An RDBMS is a program that allows you to create databases that manipulate data
• The way Access organizes database is similar to Excel organizes worksheets within spreadsheet
• Primary key

  A field or value that will uniquely identify a record
• Composite key

  A key that uses combined values to create a unique value to form a primary key
• Changing a field's data type

  1. On the HOME tab, click View, and select DESIGN View

  2. On the Design tab, click the arrow of the Data Type that you want to change and select the new data type

  3. On the Quick Access toolbar, click save button
• Setting the primary key

  1. Click the row for the field that you want to set as the primary key

  2. Click Design tab, click Primary Key
• Setting the composite key

  1. Press down CTRL and right click the left side of another field that you want to assign as key

  2. Select primary key

  3. The key symbol will be displayed on all the chosen fields
• Changing the color of the table

  1. Open the table that you want to modify

  2. On the HOME tab, click the Alternate Row Color button

  3. On the color palette, select the color that you want to choose
• Changing the font style

  1. Open the table that you want to modify

  2. On the HOME tab, click Bold B, Italic I, Underline U
• Changing the font and background color

  1. Open the table that you want to modify

  2. On the HOME tab, click FONT Color or Background Color