SEED GERMINATION QUIZ

• Type the parts of monocotyledon: 1. endosperm 2. cotyledon 3. coleoptile 4. epicotyl 5. hypocotyl 6. radicle 7. seed coat fused to ovary wall

  A) 1

  
• Type the parts of dicotyledon: 8. epicotyl 9. hypocotyl 10. radicle 11. seedcoat 12. cotyledons

  A) 8.

  B) 9.

  C) 10.

  D) 11.

  E) 12.

  
• The embryo is an immature plant with all of the parts of an adult plant.
• ◦ The leaves of the embryo are called plumules
• The leaves are sheathed by a cotyledon
• The embryonic roots are called radicles
• ◦ The embryonic stem is called the hypocotyl
• The seed is filled with nourishment for the new plant; this source of nutrition is called the endosperm.
• ▪The first step of germination is the absorption of water ▪Absorption of water activates enzymes in the seed that stimulate growth. ▪ These enzymes break down starches in the endosperm into sugars that can be used for energy
• Complete the labeling

  A) mitochondria reconstituted

  B) soluble sugar

  C) RNA activated

  D) Enzymes (proteins)

  E) mitosis

  
• Complete the events of pregermination

  A) Rehydration - Imbibition of Water

  B) RNA and Protein synthesis stimulated

  C) Increased metabolism - Increased Respiration

  D) Hydrolysis of Food Preserved by Enzymes

  E) Changes in Cell Ultrastructure

  F) Induction of Cell Division and Cell Growth

  
• Complete the events of germination

  A) Rupture of seed coat

  B) Emergence of seedling usually radicle first

  
• The coleoptile, a protective sheath covering the shoot, pushes through the soil until it reaches light.  Upon reaching light, the plumule emerges  If the kernel is planted too deep, emergence will not occur
• Water is clearly the most important factor in germination; an adequate continuous supply of water is necessary for complete emergence.
• Water functions a triggering enzyme for starch conversion into sugar, turgor pressure for moving the radicle root down and the cotyledons up, and for transporting nutrients and enzymes within the seed
• Another key germination factor; light can either stimulate or inhibit seed germination
• ▪Oxygen is a third factor ▪Cellular respiration is necessary for plants to grow; oxygen is necessary to complete respiration ▪Oxygen removes metabolic waste from the cell ▪Without oxygen, waste is not removed and the cellular metabolism is slowed. ▪If oxygen supply is limited during germination, emergence may not occur due to inhibited growth.
• A favorable temperature is necessary to allow for plant growth ▪Temperature not only affects the germination percentage but also the rate of germination ▪For every species of seed, there is an optimal soil temperature for germination ▪At that temperature, the maximum number of seeds will germinate faster than at any other temperature. ▪Many seeds germinate best around room temperature
• Complete the events of post germination

  A) controlled growth of root and shoot axis

  B) Controlled transport of materials from food stores

  C) Senescence of food storage tissues

  
• Identify the label

  A) energy metabolism

  B) regulation of oxidative status

  C) DNA Repair

  D) Cell cycle activation

  E) Reserve mobilisation

  F) modification of hormonal status

  
• Identify the label

  A) hydropriming

  B) osmopriming

  C) Hormopriming

  D) Halopriming

  E) Chemical priming

  F) Biopriming