Individual differences

• Freud -little hans

  3-5 years
• Freud - little hans

  Psychosexual development of the Oedipus complex
• What type of study was Freud?

  Longitudinal
• What did Freud look at in little hans study?

  • anxiety
  • his widdler
  • phobia of white horses
• Where did Freuds study take place

  Austria
• What did Freud find?

  Boys in the phallic stage experience the Oedipus complex
• Strength of Freuds study

  • longitudinal
  • collected qualitative data
• Weaknesses of Freuds study

  • ethical issues
  • ungeneralisable
• Baron-cohen autism in adults

  Theory of mind - ‘the eyes test’
• How many participants were in baron-cohen study?

  Group 1 - 16 participants with Asperger’s or autism (self-selected)

  Group 2 - 50 participants ‘normal’ (random sampling)

  Group 3 - 10 participants with Tourette syndrome (self-selected)
• What was the dependant variable for baron-cohen


  Score out of 25 on a ’theory of mind test’
• What were the results

  Group 1 - 16.3/25

  which was significantly less than other groups
• Strengths of baron-cohen study

  • large sample size
  • high internal validity
• Weaknesses of baron-cohens study

  • researcher bias
  • ecological validity
• Gould - a nation of morons

  A review article from yerkes on intelligence quotient (IQ tests)
• Where did Goulds study take place?

  america
• What was Goulds study?

  A review article
• What were the three types of test in Goulds article?

  • alpha test
  • beta test
  • spoken exam
• What was the main problem with Goulds study

  IQ tests are culturally biased
• What are the strengths of Goulds study

  it collected qualitative data
• What are the weaknesses of Goulds study

  • the results were manipulated
  • there was researcher bias
• Hancock- language of a psychopath


  Statistics text analysis
• How many participants were in hancocks study

  52
• hancock

  language of a psychopath
• how many participants in hancocks study were psychopathic?

  14- psychopathic

  38- non-psychopathic
• results from hancocks study?

  psychopaths were more likely to describe cause and effect. and were likely to use twice as many words.
• strengths of hancocks study

  was a standardised procedure
• weakness of hancocks study?

  the study was androcentric as all participants were male.