english

• Operational definitions - is to give meaning to a specific word in a sentence, serious attempt of a writer to identify a certain concept in a formal way
• TERM - the word to be defined (An apple, A bird)
• COPULA - the auxiliary that links the term with the differentia (is, are)
• GENUS - the general classification of the word (fruit, vegetable, furmiture)
• DIFFERENTIA - the quality that makes the term different from its general classification
• Emphasis - is a "force or intensity that gives impressiveness or importance to something. (allows a person to focus on a point)
• Reduction - you may use this when you feel like the succeeding points that you will say are more significant than the previous ones. (anyway, anyhow, after all, at any rate, in any case)
• Exemplification/Reinforcement - is used to solidify a previously stated point or argument (in fact, really, trully, definitely, to repeat, to illustrate)
• Concession - is used when you want to lessen or uphold the validity of an idea
• Summary - is used to combine the significant ideas mentioned in the entire writing (to end, in short, in conclusion)
• Contrast - is used to contradict a previously stated point or argument ( instead, yet, but, still, despite)
• Sequence - allows you to organize your ideas from the most important to the least or vice versa (first, second, third)
• linear text - is the traditional top to bottom strategy in which you look at the words from the beginning to the end. (novels, poems, short stories, letters)
• Non-linear text - is to identify the important points of a linear tect through a visual representation (

  • table - useful way to organize and display data in research, business
  • Graphs - handy for showing data distribution, progress, or comparisons.
  • Diagram - visually explain ideas or words by showing their parts and how they relate to each other
• Nouns - it's simplest definition, is a name
• Pronouns - substitute for a noun
• Intensive Pronouns - emphasizes a preceding noun. they may appear after a noun or at the end of the sentence.
• Reflexive pronouns - are like mirrors, they throw an action back to the doer, which means they function as an object (I BRUSHED myself)
• personal pronouns - these pronouns often function as the subject or object in a sentence (I, Me, We, Us)
• Possessive pronouns - These pronouns indicate possession (My, Your, Our)
• Relative pronouns - start a clause (that, who, whom, whose)
• Indefinite pronouns - do. or refer to any specific person, thing, amount (Someone, anyone, many)
• Demonstrative pronouns - used to point to or identify specific nouns ina sentence. (this, thesez that)
• Interrogative pronouns - used to ask questions (who, where, when, what, was)
• Distributive pronouns - emphasizes individual members or items within a group (each or either)
• Extension - defining by extension: the most practical way is to define by example. you'll need to write all examples that fall into a particular category or group
• Intension - write all the characteristics of a subject (Taylor Swift, actress, performer, etc)
• Negation - A term to be defined affectively by indicating what it does not mean
• Modals auxiliary verb except "be" (am, is, are, was, or were)

  • Helping form
  • cannot stand as the principal verb
  • can express ideas such as possiblity, intension, obligation, and necessity
• Can - Sows ability, permission, and possibility
• Could - shows ability in the past, asking for permission more politely, and possibility.
• May - shows permission in the most polite way, and possibility
• Might - shows permission in a polite way but rarely used, possibility
• Must - shows necessity or obligation and prohibition
• Will - promise, prediction at a higher chance
• Shall - future action and possibility
• would - shows condition and last tense of will
• should - shows obligation, recommendations, and expectation
• Ought to - saying what's right or correct, necessity
• Pronoun - is a word used to stand for (or take place of) a noun. A word can refer to an earlier noun or pronoun in the sentence