physics

• fluid mechanics is a branch of science with deals with the behavior of fluids at rest as well as in motion
• fluid statistic - study of fluid at rest
• fluid kinematic - study of fluid in motion where pressure forces are not concidered
• fluid dynamics - study of fluids in motion where pressure forces are considered.
• hydrodynamic - The study of the motion of fluids that can be approximated as incompressible (such as liquids, especially water and gases at low speed)
• hydraulics - which deals with liquid flows in piper and open channels.
• gas dynamics - deals with the flow ot fluids that undergo significant density changes such as the flow of gases through nozzles at high speed.
• aerodynamic - deals with the flow of gases (especially air) over bodies such as aircraft, rockets, and automobiles at high or low speeds.
• fluids - matter that flows (liquid and gas)
• mass density - mass per unit volume of a substance. It is often represented by the Greek letter p (rho)
• buoyant force - the upward force on objects that are partially or completely submerged in fluids.
• • If buoyant force is equal to the objects weight, it will float.
• • Bouyant force was explained by Archimedes and it became known as Archimedes principle.
• • Archimedes was a Greek mathematician who lived around the 3rd century BC.
• If the weight of the water displaced becomes

  equal to the weight of the object, it floats
• If the weight of the water displaced becomes less than the weight of the object , it sinks.
• • Pressure is a force exerted on an object per unit area.
• • According to Pascal Principle, pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid.
• when the fluid particles move along the same smooth path. the path is called a streamline
• When fluid particles flow irregularly causing changes in velocity. They form edgy currents
• Heat is energy transferred from one object to another because of a difference in temperature
• latent heat - energy is required for a material to change phase, even though its temperature is not changing.
• internal energy - the sum total of all the energy of all the molecules in a substance
• temperature - measures molecules’ average kinetic energy
• • Calorimetry measures heat exchange quantitatively
• Heat of fusion - amount of energy required to melt 1kg of material
• • Heat of vaporization — amount of energy required to change 1 kg of material from liquid to vapor.
• • Heat transfer takes place by conduction, convection and vadiation.
• Radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
• Convection is the transfer of thermal energy due to movement of fluid (liquid or gas).
• Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact between particles.