DNA/ evolution

• what sex chromosome does a male have

  XY
• what sex chromosome does a female have

  XX
• Order of classification ( Kings Play Chess On Four Green Surfboard)

  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
• Whats an organisms genotype

  the alleles that the organism has
• what type of reproduction produces clones

  Asexual
• chromosome 


  long strand of DNA wrapped around proteins. There is 23 pairs of chromosomes in a human ( 46 total )
• DNA

  double helix structure forming a natural polymer
• gene

  a section of DNA that codes a sequence of amino acids that make a specific protien. This decides the characteristics of an organism
• allele

  a different version of a gene ( eg. allele for each eye/ hair colour )
• polymer

  large molecule made up of many small repeating units joined together
• genome

  entire genetic material of an organism
• Why is it important to research a human genome?

  1. it helps research genes that link to diseases
  2. it helps research inherited disorders
  3. helps us track human migration throughout history
• what happens in genetic engineering

  a gene from one organism is cut out and put into another organisms cells / DNA
• species 


  organisms from the same species have similar phenotype + genotype and they can reproduce fertile off spring
• variation is caused by mutations
• there are 7 classification levels

  ( Kings play chess on four green surfboards)
• the first level of classification is kingdom
• the second level of classification is phylum (plural)
• the fourth level of classification is order
• the fifth level of classification is family
• the sixth level of classification is genus
• the seventh level of classification is species
• phenotype 


  characteristics you can see
• There are 3 domains (B.A.E)

  1. bacteria ( true bacteria)
  2. archea ( primitive bacteria, usually extremophiles )
  3. Eukaryota ( protists , fungi, plants , animals )
• Two ways to classify animals

  1. chemical analysis
  2. study cell structures with electron microscope
• mutation

  a change in DNA
• Plants compete for

  1. space
  2. light
  3. minerals
  4. nutrients
• Animals compete for

  1. mates
  2. food
  3. water
  4. territory
• order of natural selection

  1. variation caused by mutation
  2. competitive environment
  3. certain mutations allow the organism to survive better in it’s environment ( eg, run away from predators )
  4. surviving organisms with ideal characteristics pass genes on the offspring