Module 5

• ARPA - Advanced Research Projects Agency
• Advanced Research Projects Agency - created in response to the launch of Sputnik that led us to space age.
• DARPA - Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency - created and when the internet first sprang.
• TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol - designed to allow networks running on different protocols to have an intermediary protocol that would allow them to communicate.
• Internet - simply means "an interconnected network of networks".
• Packet - the fundamental unit of data transmitted over the internet.
• Switch - a network device that connects multiple hosts together and forwards packets based on their destinations within the local network.
• Router - a device that receives and analyzes packets and then routes them towards their destinations. Also used to connect one network to another network.
• IP Address - it is a unique identifying number on every device on the internet used in (PC, tablet, smartphone, etc).
• IPv4 (version 4) - format of numbers ranging from 0 and 255 separated by a period.
• IPv6 - format of 8 groups of four hexadecimal digits.
• Domain Name - is a human-friendly name, convenient for remembering a website. (Followed by a dot and Top-Level Domain(TLD) e.g.: Wikipedia.org)
• DNS - Domain Name Server/System - acts as the directory of websites on the internet.
• Packet-switching - when a message's packet are sent on the internet, routers try to find the optimal route for each packet.
• Protocol - set of rules that govern how communications take place on a network.
• FTP - File Transfer Protocol - is a communication rules for transferring files from one host to another.
• Tim Berners-Lee - introduced his World Wide Web project which provided an easy way to navigate on the internet through the use of hypertext.
• NSF - National Science Foundation - manages the Internet in 1980s and early 1990s.
• Dot-Com Bubble - new commercialization of internet technology.
• Killer App - use if device that becomes so essential that large numbers of people will buy the device just to run the application.

  • For personal computer: spreadsheet
• Bluetooth - created in 1994 by Ericsson, intended to replace wired connections between devices.
• Client Server Computing - provides standalone devices such as personal computers, printers, and file servers to work together.
• Intranet - provides web-based resources for the users within an organization. The webpages are not accessible to the public outside the company.
• Extranet - it allows organizations/companies to be able to collaborate with it's customers or suppliers while maintaining security.
• Microsoft SharePoint - supports employee collaboration. Software application of Microsoft.
• Cloud Computing - allows to store data on storage devices somewhere on the internet.
• Metcalfe's Law - a law that describes how computing power is increasing over time.