Deviance

Cards (70)

  • Creatine
    Builds size and strength in muscles, improves recovery of the ATP/PC system
  • Caffeine
    Helps athletes train harder and longer, improves concentration
  • Bicarbonate soda
    Buffers the effects of lactic acid
  • Carbohydrate replenishment
    Increases energy (glycogen)
  • Recovery formulas
    Speed up recovery and muscle growth
  • Vitamins and minerals
    Vitamin B boosts energy and iron is good for oxygen supply
  • Benefits of legal supplements
    • Maintain health and wellbeing
    • Build muscle and strength
    • Reduce injury
    • Help with weight control
  • Drawbacks of legal supplements
    • Creates an unfair advantage
    • Creates social norm
    • Increased sugar content
    • Has unknown effects
    • Risk of contamination
    • Lack of testing
  • Illegal drugs in sport
    • Anabolic steroids
    • Beta blockers
    • EPO
    • Diuretics
    • Human growth hormone (HGH)
  • Anabolic steroids
    Increase muscle growth and aggression, increases recovery and repair
  • Beta blockers
    Slows/controls heart rate and calms nerves
  • EPO
    Stimulates production of red blood cells, increasing oxygen carrying capacity (same as blood doping)
  • Diuretics
    Rapid weight loss and can be a masking agent for other drugs
  • Human growth hormone (HGH)

    Improves power and strength
  • Causes of drug use
    • Physiological
    • Psychological
    • Social
  • Physiological causes
    Improve performance, to build muscle, increase red blood cells, to lose weight, to train harder and mask injury
  • Psychological causes
    To steady nerves, to increase motivation and aggression
  • Social causes
    Pressure to win, win at all costs attitude, belief everyone else is and copying poor role models
  • Strategies to reduce drugs and doping
    • Stricter punishments
    • Improved testing
    • Education
    • Research/increased funding
    • Culture
  • Stricter punishments
    Bans, loss of prize money and sponsorships
  • Improved testing
    Random, more regular and out of season
  • Education
    On health dangers and legal issues
  • Research/increased funding
    Newer drug detection
  • Culture
    Role models to encourage drug free sport, name and shame cheats
  • Consequences of drug use
    • Performer
    • Sport
    • Society
  • Consequences for performer
    Physiological/psychological health problems, punishment and negative reputation
  • Consequences for sport
    Loss of sponsors, decreased participation and public support, false results/records
  • Consequences for society
    Negative role models, could legalise/accept drugs and undermine value of sport
  • Causes of violence
    • Player - provocation/retaliation, nature of game and weapons/kit
    • Spectator - alcohol/drugs, poor spectator provision, hooliganism, deindividualism/no responsibility
    • Both - importance of game/result and frustration
  • Consequences of violence
    • Performer - punishment, injury, loss of sponsors and become a negative role model
    • Sport - decreased participation, decreased public interest/support, sport receives a bad name/profile, could initiate change in rules/laws
    • Society - bad behaviour could be copied and could indicate other social issues
  • Strategies to reduce violence
    • Player - rule changes, punishment, education and emotional control
    • Spectator - stricter punishments, control of alcohol, improve spectator facilities and use of CCTV/increased police
  • Gambling:
    Match fixing - playing a game to a partially or fully predetermined result.
    Spot betting - betting on individual events in a game.
    Bribery - giving of money for a dishonest advantage.
    Illegal sports betting - player betting on their own sport, using an unlicensed bookmaker.
  • Evaluation of gambling:
    Performer - increased debt, increased addiction and health complications.
    Sport - increased money from sponsorships, increased excitement, leads to match fixing and false results.
    Society - increased debt.
  • Strategies to reduce gambling:
    Laws/rules - prevent players/managers from betting on their own sports.
    Punishments - longer bans/higher fines for those caught.
  • Commercialisation is when sport is used as a business to make a profit (golden triangle). Sport is seen as a commodity which is something that can be bought and sold to media/companies.
  • Ways to make money through sport - ticket sales, sponsorship deals, selling media rights, selling merchandise and selling advertising slots/spaces.
  • Factors leading to commercialisation - greater exposure to a variety of sport, worldwide performers and spectators, increase in sponsorship which aids professionalism, increased advertising, increased media presence in sport and increased TV/radio sports channels.
  • Benefits of commercialisation:
    Performers - increased income/higher wages, increased status/fame and increased sponsorship/training.
    Sport - increased revenue/funding of sport, increased coverage/exposure of sport and globalised sport/increase in grassroots.
    Society - increased participation and increased positive role models/entertainment.
    Spectators - increased accessibility/facilities and increased media coverage.
  • Drawbacks of commercialisation:
    Performers - increased pressure causing deviance and become commodities/billboards.
    Sport - loss of tradition/values and NGB’s have less control.
    Society - people prefer to spectate and economic benefits felt by few.
    Spectators - disruption/unwanted breaks, increased cost of tickets/subscriptions and unmatched ethics as spectators may disagree with the sponsors.
  • Changes of sport coverage since 1980s
    • Written press - (this is reducing). Newspapers, columns/pages dedicated to sports. Magazines, sporting specialist magazines with subscriptions.
    • TV - Terrestrial (free to air), sport wasn't constantly available. Satellite, constant paid for access to sport. Pay per view, additional one off fee. Protected events, covered by free air channels.
    • Radio - Local and national, occasional sport mentions. Dedicated channels, sport is the only topic.
    • Internet - Websites, news/teams/NGB. Youtube, video clips. Social media, follow teams/stars. Live streaming, anywhere at any time. Multi media, read/listen/watch.