PPG mod 2 pdf

• Ideology


  A set of related ideas or a systematic group of concepts and beliefs about culture, society, and human life
• Characteristics of political ideologies

  • Offers lenses for the socio-political condition of a state, often in the form of a worldview
  • Provides a model of a desired future, a vision of a good society
  • Outlines how political change can and should be brought about
• Liberalism


  A political ideology that gives importance to the fulfillment of the individual through the satisfaction of his interests
• Liberalism


  • Individualism
  • Freedom
  • Reason
  • Equality
  • Toleration
  • Consent
  • Constitutionalism
• Conservatism


  An ideology that has the desire to preserve institutions and is reflected in a resistance or suspicion to change
• Conservatism


  • Tradition
  • Pragmatism
  • Human Imperfection
  • Organicism
  • Hierarchy and Authority
  • Property
• Socialism


  An ideology that stands in opposition to capitalism and proposes an alternative which is perceived to be more human and equitable
• Socialism


  • Community
  • Fraternity
  • Social Equality
  • Need
  • Social Class
  • Common Ownership
• Anarchism


  An ideology based on the belief that government and laws are not necessary, and personal autonomy is a must
• Communism


  An ideology based on common ownership, which aims to establish a society that is classless and egalitarian
• Communism


  • Abolition of private-owned property
  • Transitory "socialist" stage of development
  • Revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat
  • State socialism and market capitalism
• Fascism


  A political ideology fueled by extreme nationalism that promises the birth of a new, stronger, and greater society, stripped from all of its weaknesses
• Fascism


  • Adolf Hitler, Nazi Germany
  • Benito Mussolini, Italy
• Fascism


  • Racial and/or cultural purity
  • Total control of society by the state
  • Presence of 1 ruling party
  • Militarization of society
  • Support on violence to achieve political means
• Feminism


  An ideology based on a common desire to enhance the social role of women in whatever way possible
• Feminism


  • First Wave (1848 to 1920)
  • Second Wave (1963 to the 1980s)
  • Third Wave (1991[?] to ???)
• Feminism seeks to overturn the structure of male power in the society and promote equal rights and legal protections for women
• Fascism


  An authoritarian political ideology that emphasizes the importance of nationalism, militarism, and corporatism, and often involves the use of violence or intimidation to achieve political goals.
• Racial and/or cultural purity


  The belief that certain races or cultures are superior to others, and that efforts should be made to preserve the "purity" of the dominant race or culture.
• Total control of society by the state

  The idea that the government should have complete control over all aspects of society, including the economy, education, and media.
• Militarization of society


  The idea that a society should be heavily militarized, with a strong emphasis on military training, weapons production, and national defense.
• Support on violence to achieve political means

  The willingness to use violence or intimidation to achieve political goals.
• Nonviolence


  A philosophy and strategy that emphasizes the use of peaceful, non-violent methods to achieve social and political change.
• Liberalism and conservatism

  The 2 most influential political ideologies in modern society
• Fascism


  Based on the idea of mass politics
• Ideology


  A set of ideas that are combined in a variety of ways to guide, inspire, or incite people to political action
• Ideologie


  The French word meaning "science of ideas"
• The term "ideology" came from the French word ideologie which means "science of ideas," and it was conceived by French philosopher Destutt de Tracy
• Types of political ideologies

  • Liberalism
  • Conservatism
  • Socialism
  • Anarchism
  • Communism
  • Fascism
  • Feminism
• Liberalism

  • Individualism
  • Freedom
  • Reason
  • Equality
  • Toleration
  • Consent
  • Constitutional-ism
• Classical liberalism


  Does not encourage the interference of the state on individual life as humans can take care of themselves
• Modern liberalism


  Believes that if individuals are not subject to regulation, there might be injustices, therefore the state must intervene to protect individuals from social evil
• Communism (Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels)


  • Advocates the abolition of private-owned property
  • Sees a future society where before achieving full communism, there would be a transitory "socialist" stage of development characterized by the revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat (working class)
• Orthodox communism


  The first version of communism that advocates the abolition of private-owned property
• Fascism


  • Fueled by extreme nationalism
  • Promises the birth of a new, stronger, and greater society, stripped from all of its weaknesses
• Fascism

  • Adolf Hitler, Nazi Germany
  • Benito Mussolini, Italy
• Waves of feminism

  • First Wave (1848 to 1920)
  • Second Wave (1963 to the 1980s)
  • Third Wave (1991[?] to ???)