The Northern Rebellion was an attempt by Catholicnobles to overthrow Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queenof Scots.
What was the Northern Rebellion known as?
the Revolt of the NorthernEarls.
When was the Northern Rebellion?
It happened in November1569 after Mary, Queen of Scots, arrived in England.
Why did the Northern Rebellion happen?
Many believed her father's marriage to Anne Boleyn, her mother, was illegal because it broke the sacred laws of marriage
The Duke of Norfolk resented William Cecil's influence on the monarchy and was intent on increasing Catholic influence in the royal court.
Mary's presence in the north of England,which was a hotbed of Catholic support,
What happened during the Northern Rebellion?
Elizabeth prevented Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, from marryingMary, Queen of Scots. Norfolk left the royalcourt without permission and headed north.
Taking this as a sign, a group of northern lordsled by Westmorland and Northumberlandbegan the rebellion by holding an illegal Cat
Afterwards, they began to marchsouth with around 4,600men.Elizabethstruggled to raise an army to resistthem.
Eventually one of her loyal lords, the Earl of Sussex, raised an army and the rebels fled.
What were the results of the Northern Rebellion?
increased oppression of catholics
Mary queen of scots put on house arrest
more than 450 executions of Catholics who had been involved in the revolt, including the Earl of Northumberland in 1572.
The lack of support for the revolt reflected Elizabeth's popularity
What was the papalbull of 1570?
Elizabeth's response to the Northern Rebellion of 1569, together with the growing religious divide, forced Pope Pius V to issue a decree in 1570. This declared Elizabeth was not a legitimate monarch and the people should not obey her.
How did the papal bull of 1570 affect Elizabeth?
Elizabeth was more vulnerable to rebellion and assassination as an illegitimate leader. However, the rebellion the pope had hoped for did not happen.
What was the Ridolfi plot?
1571 -The plan was to stage an invasion from the Netherlands at the same time as another northern rebellion. Elizabeth was to be murdered and replaced with Mary, Queen of Scots.
Who was involved in the Ridolfi Plot?
Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk.
King Philip II.
Guerau de Espes del Valle, the Spanish ambassador to England.
Pope Pius V.
Mary, Queen of Scots.
How did Elizabeth discover the Ridolfi Plot?
Elizabeth's advisers discovered the plot after intercepting Mary, Queen of Scots'letters
What was the impact of the Ridolfi Plot?
The Duke of Norfolk was executed.
The Treasons Act of 1571 was passed in which it was detailed that anyone who said Elizabeth was not the rightful queen was a traitor.
Recusants were now fined£20.
Attempting to convert people to Catholicism was now classed as treason.
What was the Throckmorton Plot?
1583 - aimed to replaceElizabeth with Mary, Queen of Scots. The plotters planned the death of Elizabeth, followed by a French Catholic invasion and an uprising of EnglishCatholics.
Who was involved in the Throckmorton Plot?
Francis Throckmorton.
Bernardino de Mendoza, the Spanish ambassador to England.
The French ambassador.
Mary, Queen of Scots.
What was the outcome of the Throckmorton plot?
One of the queen's spies in the French embassy revealed Throckmorton's plot. Throckmorton had conspired with the French and Spanish ambassadors and was executed.
What were the consequences of the Throckmorton Plot?
The Bond of Association was created. This was a document that committed to huntingdown and executing anyone trying to overthrow or kill the queen.
What was the Babington plot?
1586 - plotters sought to killElizabeth, freeMary, Queen of Scots, and restore the Catholic faith in England. Letters between Mary and Babington were discovered by Elizabeth's spy network.
Who was involved in the Babington Plot?
Anthony Babington
John Ballard - a Jesuit priest.
Mary, Queen of Scots.
Why did the Babington Plot fail?
Babington openly expressed in a letter to Mary that Elizabeth must be killed.
Mary, Queen of Scots, responded to Babington's letters agreeing to the plan.
The letters were intercepted by Walsingham'sspynetwork and decoded.
What were the consequences of the Babington Plot?
Mary was put on trial and eventuallyexecuted.
Babington was tortured and executed.
It led to retaliation against Catholics, with hundreds being arrested and some priestsexecuted.
What happened at the trial of Mary, Queen of Scots?
Mary, Queen of Scots, was put on trial and executed because she was accused of being involved with a plot to assassinate Elizabeth I.
What punishment was Mary, Queen of Scots, given at her trial?
Mary was sentenced to death on 25thOctober, 1586.
Why did Elizabeth hesitate to sign Mary, Queen of Scots' death warrant after her trial?
She was concerned it might lead to revenge attacks by Mary's son, King James VI of Scotland, or Philip II of Spain.
She was also concerned that if she legally killed a queen, it might undermine her own position and put her in danger later
When was Mary, Queen of Scots, executed after her trial?
Mary was finally executed on 8thFebruary1587
What were the consequences of Mary, Queen of Scots' trial and execution?
The result of Mary's execution was that there was no longer a Catholicalternative to Elizabeth as queen
The killing of Mary legitimised the idea of executing a queen and gave some of Elizabeth's lessloyalsubjects an idea.
Scottish and French kings expressed their outrage at Mary's execution
How can Anglo-Spanish relations during the reign of Elizabeth I best be described?
relationship was strained and eventually deteriorated due to the Spanish Armada
What were Anglo-Spanish relations like under Mary I?
previously both countries were united through the marriage of Mary I and Phillip II
Why did Anglo-Spanish relations deteriorate under Elizabeth I?
King PhilipII wanted to convertEngland back to Catholicism and therefore proposed to Elizabeth. She did not respond to his proposal.
Elizabeth supported the Dutch rebels in their struggle against Spanish rule in the Netherlands as demonstrated in the Treaty of Nonsuch, 1585.
English privateers attacked Spanish ships and stole their treasure, the most notable being the raid on Cadiz in 1587.
Who was the Duke of Anjou?
He led Protestantrebels in the Netherlands against Spanish rule and wanted to become King of the Netherlands.
How did Elizabeth I support the duke of Anjou?
She sent the Duke of Anjou £60,000 to support his ambition to become King of the Netherlands.
In 1585, she signed the Treaty of Nonsuch, giving the rebels even more support.
She also sheltered some Dutch rebels, known as the sea beggars.
What was the Treaty of Nonsuch?
The Treaty of Nonsuch was signed by Elizabeth I and the Dutch rebels fighting against Spanish rule. It gave military support to the Dutch rebels and pledged England's protection.
What was Robert Dudley's role in the Netherlands?
During the Protestantuprising against Spanishrule in the Netherlands, Dudley led 7,000troops and became governor-general of the Netherlands.
What was the outcome of Robert Dudley's involvement in the Netherlands?
The campaign was a mixed success, as although English troops did slow the advance of Spanish soldiers, it was an extremely campaign and Dudley fell out with his Dutch allies.
What were the tactics of the English Navy during Elizabeth's reign?
A tactic called 'lineofbattle' where ships, in a single line formation, fired together on the enemy.
Surprise raids were also a common tactic. The most famous was Drake's raid on Cadiz in 1587.
'Fireships' was a tactic where an old ship was set on fire and sent into the middle of the enemy, causing them to flee.
What new technology did the Elizabethan navy use?
The English had new lateen, or triangular, sails. These allowed for speed and agility, and more precise performance in battles and raids.
More powerful cannons allowed more accurate fire at longer ranges.
What were the Spanish tactics used against the English Navy during Elizabeth's reign?
The Spanish tactic was to try and get close to enemy ships so their sailors could jump on board and attack them.
What was the raid on Cadiz?
Sir Francis Drake and Robert Devereux raided Spanish Cadiz in 1587. They destroyed a total of 30Spanish ships during this attack.
What was the raid of Cadiz known as?
Singeing the King of Spain'sBeard.
What happened to the Armada following the Cadiz raid?
As a result of the raid, the ships being built for the Armada were of a poorerquality and Spain's plannedattack on England was delayed by a year.
What was the Spanish Armada?
The Spanish Armada was a fleet of ships launched by Philip II in an attempt to invade England.