Thing on the guide

• Use kinetic particle theory to describe a solid 


  The molecule is arrange in a structure called lattice and is fixed in position dont dosent have that much energy
• use kinetic particle theory to explain the change of state to a solid to a gas

  When the solid is heated the water molecule is given more energy resulting in them vibrating faster until the forces holding the molecules together start to break and the liquid can take the shape of their container the water molecule are tightly pack together but able to move freely past each other
• use kinetic particle theory to explain the state to a liquid to a gas


  when the liquid is heated the particle gain more energy make them move faster and slightly further from each other and also some of the collision between after molecules transfer enough energy for molecules at the upper surface to escape the forces attracting them to other molecule and they can evaporate into the air above
• Desribe a structure of the atoms

  Atoms are made out of proton neutrons electrons and protons at the Centre of the atoms its the nucleus. Which is made up of neutrons and electrons and electrons move around the nucleus in orbit called shell
• How many electrons dose the first shell nearest the neutrons . Hold 


  Up to 2 electrons
• how many can the next two shell hold

  up to 8 electrons
• describe covalent bonding 


  chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons pair between atoms and occur in most non-metal elment and in compound formed between atoms
• give an example of covalent bonding

  a water molecule which contain two covalent bonding connecting the oxygen atom to each of the hydrogen atoms these bond form when an oxgen atom (which only has six electrons in it outer most shell )react with two hydrogen atom (with only one electrons each) they hydrogen atom share individual electrons with the oxygen atom the shared electrons orbit around the atoms connected in the bond
• draw an water molecule

  Water molecule

  
• Give me another example of covalent bonding

  Carbon dixiode has four covalent bonds as the single carbon molecule form a double bond with each oxygen molecule (a double bond occur when molecule shares two pair of electron instead of just one )
• give me another example of covalent bonding

  the glucose produce throught photosynthesis
• describe ionic bonding

  chemical bond that involves the attraction between two oppopstie charged ions when an ion losses an electrons its postive charge is attracted to the newly formed negative ion that gain electrons this electrostatic attraction cause an ionic bond to form
• What the main salt disolved in sea water

  • soduim chloride (naC1)
  • calcium carbonate (CaCo3)
  • magnesium sulfate (mgSo4)
• give an example of ionic bonding

  an example is ionic bond is sodim chloride both have incomplete outer shell sodium have a single electrons and chloride have seven electron sodum single electrons break away and moves to complete chlorides outer shell making both ions more stable in the process sodium has a postive charge chlordie has a negative charge the electrostatic attraction between the postive sodum ions and negative choline ions create an ionic bond
• Explain How hydrogen bonding affect the property of the water 


  Hydrogen bonding affect the property due to the sheer number of water molecule found within a single droplet of water and also the density of water causing it to have a solid state that is less dense then it liquid state another on is spefficacy heat capacity Water has one of the highest spefic heat capacity due to the number of hydrogen bond holding the molecule together which allow wate to act as a great tempt buffer and help moderator planet climate