PPT

Created by

Theseia Mayores

Cards (92)

Medication 
A substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment, or relief of a symptom or for prevention of disease
Prescription 
The written direction for the preparation and administration of a drug
Names of drugs 
Generic name
Official name
Chemical name
Trade name
Pharmacology 
The study of the effect of drugs on living organisms
Pharmacy 
The art of preparing, compounding and dispensing drugs. It also refers to the place where drugs are prepared and dispensed
Pharmacist 
A person licensed to prepare and dispense drugs and to make up prescription
Pharmacopeia 
A book containing a list of products used in medicine, with descriptions of the product, chemical tests for determining identity and purity, formulas and prescriptions
Legal aspects of drug administration
Nurses are responsible for their own actions regardless of whether there is a written order
A list of High-alert Medications (HAM), including controlled substances requires the verification of two RN's
Before removing a controlled substance, the nurse verifies the number actually available with the number indicated on the narcotic or controlled substance inventory record
Effects of drugs 
Therapeutic/Desired effect
Side effect/secondary effect
Adverse effect/reactions
Drug allergy
Medication names 
Chemical
Generic
Trade
Medication classification 
Effect of medication on body system
Symptoms the medication relieves
Medication's desired effect
Medication forms 
Solid, liquid, other oral forms
Topical
Parenteral
Forms for instillation into body cavities
Pharmacokinetics 
The study of how medications enter the body, are absorbed and distributed, reach their site of action, alter physiological functions, are metabolized, and exit the body
Absorption 
Passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of administration
Factors that influence absorption 
Route of administration
Ability of a medication to dissolve
Blood flow to the site of administration
Body surface area
Lipid solubility
Distribution 
After absorption, distribution occurs within the body to tissues, organs, and specific sites of action
Factors that influence distribution
Physical and chemical properties of the medication
Physiology of the person taking it (circulation, membrane permeability, protein binding)
Metabolism 
Medications are metabolized into a less-potent or an inactive form under the influence of enzymes that detoxify, break down, and remove active chemicals
Most biotransformation occurs in the liver, but kidneys, blood, intestines, and lungs also play a role
Excretion 
Medications exit the body through the kidney, liver, bowel, lungs, and exocrine glands
The chemical makeup of a medication determines the organ of excretion
Types of medication action
Therapeutic effect
Adverse effect (side effect, toxic effect, idiosyncratic reaction)
Allergic reaction
Medication interactions
Timing of medication dose responses
Therapeutic range
Peak
Trough
Biological half-life
Plateau
Time-critical medications
Patient teaching
Oral routes of administration
Sublingual administration
Buccal administration
Parenteral routes of administration
Intradermal
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Epidural, intrathecal, intraosseous, intraperitoneal, intrapleural, and intraarterial
Intracardiac and intraarticular (limited to physicians)
Other routes of administration
Topical (skin, mucous membranes)
Inhalation
Intraocular
Systems of medication measurement
Metric system
Household system
Dose calculation methods 
Ratio and proportion
Formula
Dimensional analysis
Types of orders in acute care agencies
Standing or routine
prn
Single (one-time)
STAT
Now
Prescriptions
Pharmacist's role 
Prepares and distributes medication
Nurse's role 
Determining medications ordered are correct, assessing patient's ability to self-administer, determining whether patient should receive medications at a given time, administering medications correctly, and closely monitoring effects. Cannot be delegated. Includes patient teaching.
Medication distribution systems 
Unit dose systems
Automatic medication dispensing system (AMDS)
Medication errors 
Report all medication errors
Patient safety is top priority when an error occurs
Documentation is required
Nurses play an essential role in medication reconciliation
Critical thinking for safe medication administration
Knowledge
Experience (psychomotor skills)
Attitudes (be disciplined, responsible, accountable)
Standards (ensure safe nursing practice)
The six rights of medication administration
Right medication
Right dose
Right patient
Right route
Right time
Right documentation
Through the nursing assessment, the nurse gathers information about the patient's allergies, medications, diet history, and perceptual or coordination problems
Chomotor skills 
Attitudes: Be disciplined, take your time; Be responsible and accountable
Standards: Ensure safe nursing practice
Six rights 
Right medication
Right dose
Right patient
Right route
Right time
Right documentation
Patient's rights 
To be informed about a medication
To refuse a medication
To have a medication history
To be properly advised about experimental nature of medication
To receive labeled medications safely
To receive appropriate supportive therapy
To not receive unnecessary medications
To be informed if medications are part of a research study
Planning 
Always organize your care activities to ensure the safe administration of medications
Setting goals and related outcomes contributes to patient safety and allows for wise use of time during medication administration
Provide the most important information about the medications first
Teamwork and collaboration