PRESENTATION OF DATA

• The data collected from a survey or interview is called raw data.
• Organizing data refers to the method of classifying and organizing data sets to make them more useful.
• STEM AND LEAF PLOT – It is a method of organizing data in which the STEM VALUES or the leading digit(s) for each observation are listed in a column and the LEAF VALUES or the trailing digit(s) for each observation is then listed beside the corresponding stem.
• Ways of Organizing Data

  A) Stem and Leaf Plot

  
• Ways of Organizing Data

  FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE

  
• FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE – is constructed by arranging collected data with their corresponding frequencies.
• The frequency of a particular data value is the number of times the data value occurs.
• Steps in creating a Frequency Table:

  1. Construct a table with three columns. Data - Tally - Frequency
  2. Read each item from the raw data and TALLY it in the table.
  3. Get the FREQUENCY of the data by counting its corresponding tally marks.
• GROUPED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE – is constructed by grouping the data into class intervals to help us organize, interpret and analyze the data.
• The frequency of a class interval is the number of data values that fall in the range specified by that class interval.
• Steps in creating a Frequency Table:

  1. Find the range of the values.
  2. Compute for the class width.
  3. Construct a table with three columns. Class intervals - Tally - Frequency
  4. Pick a starting value that is less than or equal to the smallest value. Try to make it a multiple of the group size if you can.
  5. Read each item from the raw data and TALLY it in the table.
  6. Get the FREQUENCY of the data by counting its corresponding tally marks.
• Ways of Organizing Data

  GROUPED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE

  
• Range = H - L
• Class width = Range / Desired no. of Class Intervals
• GRAPHS - visual representation of data.
• Textual presentation – the data are presented in paragraph form.
• Graphical presentation - the data are presented in visual form.
• Graphical presentation - a picture that displays numerical information
• Tabular presentation - the data are presented in table and rows to show the relation between the column and row quantities.
• BAR GRAPH is a graphical presentation of data using bars which can be drawn either horizontally or vertically.
• LINE GRAPH - a graph that uses line segments to show the quantitative changes in a given set of data over a period of time.
• PIE GRAPH - a graph in the form of circle divided into sectors whose relative areas represent the frequencies of the given set of data.
• Degree = ( frequency / total ) x 360°
• Percentage = (frequency / total) x 100%
• Picture Graph or Pictograph - a graph that is sometimes called the pictogram is another device in presenting data by means of pictures or symbols
• Picture Graph or Pictograph is an adaptation of a bar graph
• The symbol called isotype represents the specific number of objects or people
• The purpose of Picture Graph or Pictograph is to catch the attention of readers and convey a clear analysis of numerical facts