Circulatory

• The blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer.
• A normal blood pressure for healthy young adult is 120/70.
• Cardiovascular Diseases

  • Arteriosclerosis • Hypertension (high blood pressure) • Angina and Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)
• Atherosclerosis - is when plaque - a sticky substance made of cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other materials builds up inside the walls of your arteries.
• Heart contraction and relaxation occurs in a rhythmic cycle called the cardiac cycle.
• Contraction pumps blood while relaxation receives blood.
• The relaxation phase is called diastole while the contraction phase is called the systole.
• One cycle lasts for 0.8 seconds if your heart is at 72 beats per minute which is the normal rate for an adult at test.
• Arteries are the blood vessels that carry blood from your heart throughout your body. that can restrict blood flow to the heart and other organs. It's sometimes called hardening of the arteries
• Hypertension (high blood pressure) blood pressure is the pressure exerted in the walls of blood vessels, especially the arteries. Arteriosclerosis, excessive salt in the diet, stress, as well as excessive smoking and alcohol consumption, can cause hypertension.
• Hypertension can cause tiny arteries to rupture. If the blood vessels in the brain rupture, a person suffers a stroke, resulting in the paralysis of some parts of the body. A severe stroke can cause death.
• Myocardial infection usually occurs as a result of a blood clot forming in a coronary artery and cutting off blood supply. The lack of oxygen is so severe that a portion of the muscle dies, resulting in a myocardial infarction. If too much heart tissue is damaged, the patient will die.
• Arteriosclerosis is a type of vascular disease where the blood vessels carrying oxygen away from the heart (arteries) become damaged from factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes and certain genetic influences.
• Heart is being enclosed by a sac known structure called the Pericardium
• The human heart has four chambers: two atria (singular atrium) and two ventricles.
• atria receive blood while the ventricles pump blood to the lungs and the body
• Ventricles are thick-walled lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out into the body’s arteries.
• Capillary - It has the thinnest wall to allow substances such as
• Vein - It is less muscular and stretchy than an artery, so blood moves through it with low pressure. It also has a special valve that helps blood go only one way.
• Artery - Carries blood away from the heart
• Capillary - Assists in the exchange of substances between the blood and tissues
• Vein - Carries blood back towards the heart
• Arteries - are blood vessels that carry oxygen rich

  blood away from the heart
• all arteries are oxygenated (oxygen-rich

  blood) except pulmonary artery.

  pulmonary artery received

  unoxygenated blood (oxygen-poor blood)

  from the vena cava
• Types of Arteries according to size: 1. Aorta (largest) 2. Artery (Average) 3. Arteriole (smallest)
• all veins are unoxygenated (oxygen-poor blood) except pulmonary vein
• Types of Veins according to size: 1. Vena Cava (largest) 2. Vein (average) 3. Venule (smallest)
• Capillaries - these blood vessels connect

  small arteries (arterioles to small

  veins, venules). Food substance

  (nutrients), oxygen, and wastes

  pass in and out of your blood

  through the capillary walls.
• Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels among the types of blood network.