last min

• Biological Approach


  Investigating the effects of meditation on brain structure and function
• Biological Approach


  Studying brain differences in autism
• Learning Approach (Behaviorism)


  Conducting obedience experiments
• Learning Approach (Behaviorism)


  Demonstrating observational learning and social modeling with the Bobo doll experiment
• Learning Approach (Behaviorism)


  Studying animal behavior, specifically chicks' ability to learn
• Learning Approach (Behaviorism)


  Investigating the effects of doodling on concentration and memory
• Social Approach (Sociocultural Perspective)


  Studying social behavior, particularly bystander intervention
• Social Approach (Sociocultural Perspective)


  Investigating gender differences in social behavior
• Cognitive Approach


  Exploring memory processes
• Cognitive Approach


  Examining eyewitness memory and accuracy
• Cognitive Approach


  Studying theory of mind alongside brain differences in autism
• Biological Approach


  • Focuses on the physiological and genetic factors that influence behavior and mental processes
  • Emphasizes the role of the brain, neurotransmitters, hormones, and genetics in shaping behavior and psychological processes
  • Views behavior as the result of the interaction between biological processes and the environment
• Topics studied in Biological Approach

  • Brain structure and function
  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Effects of drugs on behavior
• Learning Approach (Behaviorism)


  • Emphasizes the role of learning and experience in shaping behavior
  • Focuses on observable behaviors and the environmental factors that influence them
  • Views behavior as a result of conditioning, reinforcement, and punishment
• Assumptions of the Biological Approach

  • Behavior and mental processes have biological bases, including genetics, brain structure, and neurotransmitter activity
  • The mind and body are interconnected, with changes in biology influencing behavior and vice versa
  • Evolutionary principles play a role in shaping behavior and mental processes
  • Abnormal behavior can be understood and treated through biological interventions, such as medication or neurosurgery
• Assumptions of the Learning Approach (Behaviorism)


  • Behavior is learned through interactions with the environment
  • Observable behavior is the primary focus of study, as internal mental processes are difficult to measure objectively
  • The principles of conditioning (classical and operant) explain how behavior is acquired, maintained, and changed
  • Behavior is influenced by reinforcement, punishment, and other environmental stimuli
• Assumptions of the Social Approach (Sociocultural Perspective)


  • Behavior is shaped by social and cultural factors
  • Individuals are influenced by the norms, values, roles, and expectations of their social groups and culture
  • Social interactions and relationships play a significant role in shaping behavior and identity
  • Cultural context affects how individuals perceive and interpret the world, as well as how they behave
• Assumptions of the Cognitive Approach

  • Behavior is influenced by internal mental processes, including perception, memory, attention, language, and problem-solving
  • These mental processes can be studied scientifically, using methods such as experiments and computational modeling
  • Humans are active processors of information, rather than passive responders to environmental stimuli
  • Cognitive processes mediate between stimulus and response, shaping behavior and influencing how individuals perceive and interpret the world
• Topics in Learning Approach

  • Learning processes
  • Conditioning
  • Reinforcement schedules
  • Observational learning
• Social Approach (Sociocultural Perspective)

  • Examines how social and cultural factors influence behavior and mental processes
  • Emphasizes the impact of social norms, roles, cultural values, and socialization on individual behavior
  • Studies group behavior, social influence, conformity, obedience, prejudice, and cultural differences in cognition and behavior
  • Considers how individuals are shaped by their interactions with others and the broader cultural context
• Cognitive Approach


  • Focuses on mental processes such as perception, memory, thinking, and problem-solving
  • Emphasizes how people acquire, process, store, and retrieve information
  • Views behavior as a result of internal mental processes, including perception, memory, language, and problem-solving
  • Uses experiments and computational models to study mental processes objectively
• Topics in Cognitive Approach

  • Memory
  • Attention
  • Perception
  • Language
  • Decision-making
  • Problem-solving