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• Assumptions of the Biological Approach

  • Behavior and mental processes have biological bases, including genetics, brain structure, and neurotransmitter activity
  • The mind and body are interconnected, with changes in biology influencing behavior and vice versa
  • Evolutionary principles play a role in shaping behavior and mental processes
  • Abnormal behavior can be understood and treated through biological interventions, such as medication or neurosurgery
• Assumptions of the Learning Approach (Behaviorism)


  • Behavior is learned through interactions with the environment
  • Observable behavior is the primary focus of study, as internal mental processes are difficult to measure objectively
  • The principles of conditioning (classical and operant) explain how behavior is acquired, maintained, and changed
  • Behavior is influenced by reinforcement, punishment, and other environmental stimuli
• Assumptions of the Social Approach (Sociocultural Perspective)

  • Behavior is shaped by social and cultural factors
  • Individuals are influenced by the norms, values, roles, and expectations of their social groups and culture
  • Social interactions and relationships play a significant role in shaping behavior and identity
  • Cultural context affects how individuals perceive and interpret the world, as well as how they behave