blood etc

• Why is is dangerous for a patient with blood group A to receive red blood cells from a donor with blood group B?

  will bind together, clump and block the capillaries
• why can blood group O be shared with other blood types?

  no antigens so antibodies cannot bind
• what happens when a tumour forms?

  cells divide
• (EXAM QUESTION) what evidence is there a tumour is malignant?

  spreads to other areas/organs
• explain how a very low number of blood components in the body can cause tiredness, frequent infections and prelonged bleeding

  • fever red blood cells > less oxygen around the body
  • lactic acid production > tiredness
  • fewer white blood cells > less anitbodies
  • blood does not clot as easily > fewer platelets
• a person has a tumour blocking the tube leading from the gall bladder to the small intestine: (5 mark)

  explain why would they have difficulties digesting fat

  • smaller surface area for lipase to break down fat
  • pH of small intenstine is not neutralised
  • lipase is not at its optimum to digest that fat
  • no emulsification of fat
• explain a way the body reacts to exercise:

  heart rate increases..

  to allow blood flow to muscles

  to provide more oxygen + glucose

  breathing rate increases..

  supplies more oxygen to the lungs

  more carbon dioxide removed

  there's more oxygen for the muscles..

  to release/provide energy

  for muscle concentration
• Explain how the human lungs are adapted for efficient exchange of gases by diffusion

  alveoili:

  provide a greater surface

  capillaries:

  once cell thin

  breathing:

  moves air in and out